Vital Signs Flashcards
Normal Heart Rate
60-100bpm
Causes of tachycardia (high bp)
Dehydration Pain Anxiety Fever Pulmonary embolism Alcohol withdrawl
What is a pulmonary embolism
Blood clot in the lungs thst can be cinfirmed by a CAT scan
WHat must be checked for an ederly/infant patient with unexplained high HR?
Rectal temp
Causes of low HR
Athlete
On beta blockers
Abnormally high/low potassium
Normal blood pressure
120/80
Hypertension (high BP)
> 140/90
Hypotension (low bp)
<90/60
When someone has low bp they might be in…?
Shock
Normal respiratory rate
12-20 breaths per minute
Causes of Low respiratory rate
<12 breathes/min, opiates
Causes of High repsiratory rate
Diabetic keto acidosis
Sepsis
Diabetic Keto acidosis (DKA)
Common in people with type 1 diabetes
Developes when your body doesnt have enough insulin to allow blood sugar into your cells for use so your body coverts fats into energy casuing a build up of ketones
Tx:
- check for CHF(congestive Heart failure) before giving about 4000mL of fluids
- give potassium then insulin so it can be absorbed
Normal SpO2
> 92% on room air
Causes of Low SpO2
Smoker
Normal temperature
97F-98.6
Fever temperature
> 100.4 F (38C)
what can low sodium cause
vomiting
diarrhea
(heart, liver, kidney)-failure
what can irregular potassium levels lead to
Low HR
arrhythmia
why might k+ levels be high
Kidney failure
Hemolysis(lab error)
Medication
why might K+ levels be low
vomiting
diarrhea
diuretics
meds
Why might creatine levels be high
kidney injury
why might Bicarbonate levels be low
septic shock
DKA
why might glucose be low
Sepsis
alcoholism
insulin overdose
why might glucose levels be high
DKA
Hyperosmolar
what does it mean to be hyperosmolar
a loss of water in the blood makes it more concentrated with molecules(Na+)
what are the 4 criteria for SIRS (systematic Inflammatory response)
1) temperature less than 96.9 or greater than 100.4
2) HR greater than 90bpm
3) RR greater than 20
4) WBC greater than 12000 or less than 400
what is sepsis
life threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection
What might be happening if BP is low after fluids?
Septic shock
