Visual Terms

Question 1

Nasal Retina

Answer 1

receives light from the peripheral visual field of the ipsilateral side relative to the retina

Question 2

Temporal Retina

Answer 2

receives light from the peripheral visual field of the contralateral side relative to the retina, but not the farthest peripheral field, because the nose gets in the way of this visual field. Axons do NOT cross in the optic chiasm

Question 3

Fovea

Answer 3

within the macula and correlates to the central visual field

Question 4

Optic Nerve

Answer 4

This contains all retinal fibers from the entire visual field of one eye.

Question 5

Optic Chiasm

Answer 5

contains only retinal fibers correlating to the nasal retinal peripheral visual fields. these axons represent the most peripheral parts of our vision bilaterally.

Question 6

Optic Tract

Answer 6

contains only retinal fibers correlating to the contralateral visual field, and these fibers synapses with the LGN

Question 7

Optic Radiations

Answer 7

Neurons from the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus give rise to these axons, which travel in the white matter of the parietal lobe (superior portion) or temporal lobe (meyers loop, inferior portion)

Question 8

Striate Cortex

Answer 8

another name for the Primary Visual Cortex of the occipital lobe, where information “enters” the cortex

Question 9

LGN

Answer 9

specific sensory relay nucleus of the Thalamus which recieves visual information, and relays it to the primary visual cortex.

Question 10

Dorsal

Answer 10

This stream of information flows from the Striate Cortex to the Parietal Lobe, and is involved in the use of visual information to facilitate movement in the environment

Question 11

Ventral

Answer 11

the use of visual information to recognize objects from memories associated with them. information flows from the Striate Cortex to the Temporal Lobe

Question 12

Anopia

Answer 12

Unilateral damage to the retina or optic nerve.
blindness in one eye, but full visual field vision in the other eye

Question 13

Heteronymous Hemianopsia

Answer 13

damage to the optic chiasm resulting in loss of 1/2 of peripheral vision in both eyes.

Question 14

Homonymous Hemianopsia

Answer 14

Loss of the same one half of the visual field of both eyes. caused by damage to one side of the Optic Tract, LGN, optic radiations, or striate cortex. The side of the visual field lost will be contralateral to the side of damage.

Question 15

Superior Quadrantanopsia

Answer 15

Loss of the same upper quadrant visual field of both eyes. caused by damage to the temporal optic radiation of the contralateral side relative to the visual field lost.

Question 16

Inferior Quadrantanopsia

Answer 16

Loss of the same lower quadrant visual field of both eyes. caused by damage to the parietal optic radiation of the contralateral side relative to the visual field lost.

Question 17

Macular Sparing

Answer 17

damage to one side of the Striate Cortex causes lost vision in the contralateral visual field of both eyes. However, they retain central vision in the focal point of both sides because of small branches of the MCA

Question 18

Retinal blindness

Answer 18

due to damage of the more anterior parts of the primary visual pathway. loss of pupillary reflexes

Question 19

Cortical blindness

Answer 19

preserves brainstem reflexes, allows patients to respond to light via brainstem pathways, but they will lack conscious visual sensations due to damage to most posterior parts of the primary visual pathway.

Question 20

Hypothalamus

Answer 20

regulator of homeostasis. responsible for processing unconscious light and adjusting circadian rhythms based on this input via pineal gland.

Question 21

Constriction

Answer 21

parasympathetic effect of cranial nerve 3 on the pupil results from input of light on the retina, and should occur bilaterally even with light input to just one eye.

Question 22

Reflexive

Answer 22

saccades that occur at the level of the brainstem, allowing for them to occur even in cortically blind individuals or those in vegetative states

Question 23

Dilation

Answer 23

sympathetic effect on the pupils.
allows more light to enter the retina during “Fight or Flight” moments.
pathway occurs via the Sympathetic Tract.

Question 24

Edinger-Westphal

Answer 24

This cranial nuclei contains parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons, which grow axons into Cranial Nerve 3 to constrict the pupil and adjust the lens