Visual Perception and Visual Motor Skills Flashcards

1
Q

Perceptual learning

A

experience-dependent enhancement of our ability to make sense of what we see, hear, feel, taste, or smell

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2
Q

Visual recognition memory

A

Ability to discriminate whether a visual stimulus is novel or familiar
Established by 5-7 months

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3
Q

Visual habituation

A

Once a stimulus is fully encoded, the infant habituates to it and demonstrates decreased attention to the stimulus

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4
Q

Importance of vision is social development

A

Important for perceiving facial expressions and emotions
Mutual gaze can facilitate attachment
Child engages in social imitation of facial expression

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5
Q

Importance of vision for school

A

Reading
Copying from board
Writing
Playing
Sports

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6
Q

3 Component model of vision

A

Visual information processing
Visual integrity
Visual efficiency

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7
Q

What does visual information processing include?

A

Visual spatial skills (laterality, directionality, spatial relationships)
Visual analysis skills (figure ground, form constancy, visual orientation, visual discrimination, visual closure, visual memory, visualization)
Visual motor skills

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8
Q

Laterality

A

Understanding left and right
Relates this to own body until 6-7 years

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9
Q

Directionality

A

Understanding objects’ position in space in relation to self
Other things also have right and left sides

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10
Q

Spatial relationships

A

Ability to perceive two or more object’s position in space
Improves until approximately 10 years

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11
Q

Figure ground perception

A

Ability to differentiate an object from the background
Improves between 3-5 years (preschool)

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12
Q

Form constancy

A

Allows you to understand that a form, shape, or object stays the same even if it changes size, positoin, or is in a different environmnet
Dramatic improvement between 6 and 7 years

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13
Q

Visual orientation

A

Awareness of the location of objects in the environment and their relationship to one another

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14
Q

Visual discrimination

A

Ability to detect differences in and ability to classify objects, symbols, or shapes

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15
Q

Visual closure

A

Allows you to know what an object is even when only partially visible

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16
Q

Visual memory

A

Memory that preserves some characteristic of what we have seen
Integration of visual information with previous experience
Important for pre-reading and writing skills

17
Q

Visualization

A

Ability to picture an item in your mind
Foundational for reading comprehension and spelling

18
Q

Visual motor skills

A

Utilizing visual processing skills with fine motor development

19
Q

What does visual integrity include?

A

Visual acuity
Refractive disorders (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism)
Eye health disorders

20
Q

Astigmatism

A

Blurred near and far vision

21
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness

22
Q

Eye health disorders

A

Optic atrophy
Nystagmus
Retinopathy of prematurity
Cortical visual impairment
Congenital cataracts

23
Q

Visual efficiency

A

Allows vision to be clear, efficient, and comfortable
Accommodation (focusing, convergence, divergence)
Binocular vision (eye teaming)
Ocular motility (saccades, pursuits, fixation)

24
Q

Leading cause of visual impairments in young children

A

Cortical visual impairments (CNVI), retinopathy of prematurity, and optic nerve hypoplasia

25
Optician
Corrects vision Fills prescription
26
Optometrist
Examines, diagnoses, and treats eyes Prescribes lenses
27
Ophthalmologist
Branch of medicine Medical and surgical treatment for eye disorders
28
Ophthalmologist
Branch of medicine Medical and surgical treatment for eye disorders
29
Visual co-morbidities with cerebral palsy
Refractive errors Strabismus Eye movements Accommodative problems Cortical vision impairment
30
Visual co-morbidities with down syndrome and autism
Refractive error Accommodative problems Strabismus Additional convergence issues in autism
31
Hierarchical Model of Visual Processing
Oculomotor control, visual fields, visual acuity, alignment, contrast sensitivity, convergence, accomodation Attention Scanning Pattern recognition Visual memory Visual cognition Adaptation
32
OT interventions for a child with visual impairments
Improve manipulation and fine motor skills Maximize use of functional vision Encourage socially appropriate behavior Encourage language and concept development Strengthen cognitive skills Maximize auditory perceptual abilities
33
Certified low vision therapist
Evaluates and recommends technological support
34
Certified Orientation and mobility specialist
Train to access the community through non-visual means
35
Certified vision rehabilitation therapist
Instruct in compensatory skills and training including independent living, vocation, and education
36
Standardized assessments for vision
Beery-Buktenica Test of Visual Motor Integration (Beery-VMI) Developmental Test of Visual Perception (DTVP-3) Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA) Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (TVPS) Motor-Free Visual Perceptual Test (MVPT-4)