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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY > VISUAL PERCEPTION > Flashcards

VISUAL PERCEPTION Flashcards

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1
Q

The process of knowing or being aware of information through the eyes.

A

Visual Perception

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2
Q

The process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information.

A

Visual Perception

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3
Q

Applying methods of physics to measuring human perceptual systems.

A

Psychophysics:

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4
Q

: Understanding how people think. In this context, how it relates to perception.

A

Cognitive psychology

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5
Q

Visual System:
Light path

A

Cornea, pupil, lens, retina
Optic nerve, brain

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6
Q

Visual Systems
Retinal Cells

A

Rods and cones
Unevenly distributed

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7
Q

Generally produced by purpose built cameras, or computer applications, or drawings

A

Pictures

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8
Q

Some things seem to be done preattentively, without the need for focused attention. Generally take less than ____ msecs (eye movements take _____ msecs)

A

200-250
200

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9
Q

A ______ _____ represents that visual sensation that allows us to pre-attentively differentiate two adjacent, possibly structured parts in our visual field without eye movement

A

visual texture

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10
Q

to identify textures, an observations of about ____-____ms is sufficient (cognitively controlled processes require about ___-_____ ms)

A

160-200

300-400

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11
Q

improve perception of position and orientation

A

Texture

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12
Q

_____ communicate information about the 3D structure regardless of their coloring

A

Texture

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13
Q

fundamental micro-structures in generic natural images
-basic elements in pre-attentive visual perception

A

Textons

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14
Q

Textons can be classified into three general categories:

A
  1. elongated blobs
  2. terminators
  3. crossings of line segments
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15
Q

_____ believes that only a difference in textons or in their density can be detected pre-attentively

A

Julesz

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16
Q

When designing textures to indicate different regions of a visualization, make sure that the _____ are as different as possible

A

textons

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17
Q

Each of these target types can be classified as ___ or ____

A

friendly or hostile

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18
Q

3D display should provide ___ cues

A

depth

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19
Q

more distant objects become smaller in the image

can indicate focus, importance, or ordering

  • elements of a uniform texture become smaller with distance
A

Linear Perspective

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20
Q
  • show the relative height of objects above a surface
  • provide strong depth cues for objects in motion
  • can be semi-realistic and still work as a depth cue
A

Shadow

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21
Q

very powerful depth cue

A

Occlusion

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22
Q

(structure from motion) –> how objects relate under motion (see next slide for examples)

A

motion parallax

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23
Q

information visualization displays, one may ____ ____ to emphasize importance, despite depth relationships

A

exploit focus

24
Q

Symbols should be rapidly ______ and ______

A

perceived; differentiated

25
Q

Measured amount of light coming from some place

A

Luminance

26
Q

Perceived amount of light coming from source

A

Brightness

27
Q

CIELAB -
CIELUV -

A

(print)
(display)

28
Q

____ (based on technology model)
____ (based on perceptual color model)

A

RGB
HSB (HVS) model

29
Q

___ what people think of color

A

Hue

30
Q

____ intensity, whiteness

A

Saturation

31
Q

____ light/dark

A

Brightness (Value)

32
Q

Surround matters, especially for colors

A

Successive Contrast

33
Q

Color perception is ____

A

relative

34
Q

We are sensitive to small differences- hence need ____ million colors when driving computer displays

A

sixteen

35
Q

Not sensitive to absolute values- hence we can only use less than ___ or ____ colors for coding

A

10 or 12

36
Q

Ordered values should be represented by _____ colors

A

perceptually-ordered

37
Q

Separation: significantly different levels should be represented by ____ colors

A

distinguishable

38
Q

: good for showing form

A

Luminance

39
Q

Allows you to simulate what a colorblind person would see when viewing your image or website.

A

Vischeck by Bob Dougherty and Alex Wade.

40
Q

____ (part of vischeck) will correct (suggest) alternative color scheme so colorblind person can appreciate detail in image (switch Red/Green use to other hues

A

Daltonize

41
Q

Types of color scales

A

Continuous/Interval Data
Categorical Data

42
Q

_____ Data use continuous color scale (mono/divergent)

A

Continuous/Interval

43
Q

____ Data use labeling/qualitative color scale

A

Categorical

44
Q

_______ by ______;for GIS maps, is very helpful for picking safe continuous/discrete scales, and the number of colors in scales. She avoids uses saturated colors, and developed diverging color scales.

A

Color Brewer Tool developed by Cynthia Brewer

45
Q

_____ by ____ Allows you to easily visualize and modify/compare color scheme choices for several common (designer recommended) color palettes for interfaces

A

Color Scheme Designer by Petr Stanicek.

46
Q

Generally don’t use ____ colors

A

complementary

47
Q

If you want contrast, use nearly ____, or ______ analogic.

A

accented

48
Q

Adobe’s ___ tool. Social media tool allowing you to save and share your color theme schemes, and to search and see others as well.

A

Kuler

49
Q

____ and ____: to preserve univariate information, display parameters should should be perceptually orthogonal (ideally)

A

Rows and columns

50
Q

Use ______ for detail, shape and form

A

luminance

51
Q

Use color for _____ - few colors

A

coding

52
Q

Strong colors for small areas - contrast in ____ with background

A

luminance

53
Q

_____ colors can be used to segment large areas

A

Subtle

54
Q

Luminance Channel

A

Detail
Form
Shading
Motion
Stereo

55
Q

Chromatic channels

A
  • Surfaces of things
  • Labels
  • Categories,Berlin and Kay (about 6-10)
  • Red, green, yellow and blue are special (unique hues)

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY (8 decks)

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