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Cognitive Psychology > Visual Perception > Flashcards

Visual Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from environmental stimuli

A

Perception

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2
Q

He provided a useful framework for studying perception. He introduced the concepts of distal (External) object, informational medium, proximal stimulation, and perceptual object.

A

James Gibson

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3
Q

A concept of perception that refers to an object in the external world. A falling tree is an example of this basic type of conception

A

Distal object

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4
Q

The i____ m___ could be sound waves, as in the sound of the falling tree

A

Informational medium

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5
Q

P__ (near) stimulation (i.e., the cells in your retina absorb the light waves)

A

Proximal stimulation

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6
Q

It is created in you that reflects the properties of the external world

A

Perceptual object

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7
Q

The word “G___” is German and means “complete field”

A

Ganzfeld

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8
Q

a phenomenon of perception caused by exposure to an unstructured, uniform stimulation field

A

Ganzfeld

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9
Q

A data driven that describe approaches where perception starts with the stimuli whose appearance you take in through your eye

A

Bottom-up Theories

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10
Q

describe a perception that is driven by high-level cognitive processes, existing knowledge, and the prior expectations that influence perception. (Conceptual data)

A

Top-down theories

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11
Q

the information in our sensory receptors, including the sensory context, is all we need to perceive anything

A

Direct perception

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12
Q

As the environment supplies us with all the information we need for perception

A

ecological approach

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13
Q

Suggest that we have stored in our minds myriad sets of templates

A

Template theories

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14
Q

Are highly detailed models for patterns we potentially might recognize

A

Templates

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15
Q

It attempts to match features of a pattern to features stored in memory, rather than to match a whole pattern to a template or a prototype

A

Feature-matching Theories

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16
Q

receive a retinal image and pass it on to “feature demons”

A

image demons

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17
Q

These matches are yelled out at demons at the next level of the hierarchy, the “c__ d___.”

A

cognitive demons

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18
Q

listens to the pandemonium of the cognitive demons

A

Decision demon

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19
Q

we quickly recognize objects by observing the edges of them and then decomposing the objects into Geons

A

recognition-by-components (RBC) theory

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20
Q

it states that higher-order thinking plays an important role in perception. It also emphasizes the role of learning in perception

A

Intelligent perception

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21
Q

The percepts are based on three things

A
  • What we sense (the sensory data)
  • What we know (knowledge stored in memory)
  • What we can infer (using high-level cognitive processes.)
22
Q

Objects presented in certain configurations are easier to recognize than the objects presented in isolation, even if the objects in the configurations are more complex than those in isolation.

A

Configural-superiority effect

23
Q

Target line that forms a part of a drawing of a 3-D object is identified more accurately than a target that forms a part of a disconnected 2-D pattern

A

Object-superiority effect

24
Q

Indicates that when people are presented with strings of letters, it is easier for them to identify a single letter if the string makes sense and forms a word instead of being just a nonsense sequel letter

A

The word-superiority effect

25
Q

the individual stores the way the object looks to him or her

A

Viewer-centered representation

26
Q

the individual stores a representation of the object, independent of its appearance to the viewer

A

Object-centered representation

27
Q

Representation, information is characterized by its relation to a well-known or prominent item

A

landmark-centered

28
Q

useful particularly for understanding how we perceive groups of objects or even parts of objects to form integral wholes

A

Gestalt approach

29
Q

The tendency to perceive any given visual array in a way that most simply organizes the different elements into a stable and coherent form

A

Law of Prägnanz.

30
Q

system specializes in recognition of parts of objects and in assembling those parts into distinctive holes

A

Feature analysis

31
Q

specializes in recognizing larger configurations

A

Configurational system

32
Q

Face recognition occurs, at least in part, in the f___ g__ of the temporal lobe

A

fusiform gyrus

33
Q

The inability to recognize faces—would imply damage of some kind to the configurational system

A

Prosopagnosia

34
Q

It occurs when our perception of an object remains the same even when our proximal sensation of the distal object changes

A

Perceptual Constancies

35
Q

the perception that an object maintains the same size despite changes in the size of the proximal stimulus

A

Size constancy

36
Q

The ability to see the world in 3 dimensions and detect distance

A

Depth Perception

37
Q

cues can be represented in just two dimensions and observed with just one eye

A

Monocular depth

38
Q

cues are based on the receipt of sensory information in three dimensions from both eyes

A

Binocular depth

39
Q

Parallel lines converge in distance

A

Linear perspective

40
Q

images seem blurry, the farther away

A

Aerial perspective

41
Q

objects get smaller at decreasing speed in distance

A

Motion Parallax

42
Q

eyes turn inward as object moves towards you, brain uses this information to judge distance

A

Binocular convergence

43
Q

each eye views a slightly different angle of an object; Brain uses this to create a 3-d image

A

Binocular disparity

44
Q

Inability to recognize and identify objects or persons despite having knowledge of the characteristics of the objects or persons

A

Agnosia

45
Q

Inability to recognize faces, including one’s own

A

Prosopagnosia

46
Q
  • Normal visual fields, yet act blind

- Perceives only one stimulus at a time—single word or object

A

Simultagnosic/Simultagnosia

47
Q
  • Cannot navigate in even familiar environment

- Gets lost

A

Spatial Agnosia

48
Q
  • Cannot recognize certain sounds

- Can not tell if two melodies are the same or different

A

Auditory Agnosia

49
Q

Can see two colors are different, but cannot name the colors

A

Color Agnosia

50
Q
  • Cannot use vision to guide movement

- Unable to reach for items

A

Optic ataxia

Cognitive Psychology (6 decks)

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