Visual Perception Flashcards

1
Q

set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from environmental stimuli

A

Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

He provided a useful framework for studying perception. He introduced the concepts of distal (External) object, informational medium, proximal stimulation, and perceptual object.

A

James Gibson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A concept of perception that refers to an object in the external world. A falling tree is an example of this basic type of conception

A

Distal object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The i____ m___ could be sound waves, as in the sound of the falling tree

A

Informational medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

P__ (near) stimulation (i.e., the cells in your retina absorb the light waves)

A

Proximal stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It is created in you that reflects the properties of the external world

A

Perceptual object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The word “G___” is German and means “complete field”

A

Ganzfeld

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a phenomenon of perception caused by exposure to an unstructured, uniform stimulation field

A

Ganzfeld

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A data driven that describe approaches where perception starts with the stimuli whose appearance you take in through your eye

A

Bottom-up Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe a perception that is driven by high-level cognitive processes, existing knowledge, and the prior expectations that influence perception. (Conceptual data)

A

Top-down theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the information in our sensory receptors, including the sensory context, is all we need to perceive anything

A

Direct perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

As the environment supplies us with all the information we need for perception

A

ecological approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Suggest that we have stored in our minds myriad sets of templates

A

Template theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are highly detailed models for patterns we potentially might recognize

A

Templates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

It attempts to match features of a pattern to features stored in memory, rather than to match a whole pattern to a template or a prototype

A

Feature-matching Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

receive a retinal image and pass it on to “feature demons”

A

image demons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

These matches are yelled out at demons at the next level of the hierarchy, the “c__ d___.”

A

cognitive demons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

listens to the pandemonium of the cognitive demons

A

Decision demon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

we quickly recognize objects by observing the edges of them and then decomposing the objects into Geons

A

recognition-by-components (RBC) theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

it states that higher-order thinking plays an important role in perception. It also emphasizes the role of learning in perception

A

Intelligent perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The percepts are based on three things

A
  • What we sense (the sensory data)
  • What we know (knowledge stored in memory)
  • What we can infer (using high-level cognitive processes.)
22
Q

Objects presented in certain configurations are easier to recognize than the objects presented in isolation, even if the objects in the configurations are more complex than those in isolation.

A

Configural-superiority effect

23
Q

Target line that forms a part of a drawing of a 3-D object is identified more accurately than a target that forms a part of a disconnected 2-D pattern

A

Object-superiority effect

24
Q

Indicates that when people are presented with strings of letters, it is easier for them to identify a single letter if the string makes sense and forms a word instead of being just a nonsense sequel letter

A

The word-superiority effect

25
the individual stores the way the object looks to him or her
Viewer-centered representation
26
the individual stores a representation of the object, independent of its appearance to the viewer
Object-centered representation
27
Representation, information is characterized by its relation to a well-known or prominent item
landmark-centered
28
useful particularly for understanding how we perceive groups of objects or even parts of objects to form integral wholes
Gestalt approach
29
The tendency to perceive any given visual array in a way that most simply organizes the different elements into a stable and coherent form
Law of Prägnanz.
30
system specializes in recognition of parts of objects and in assembling those parts into distinctive holes
Feature analysis
31
specializes in recognizing larger configurations
Configurational system
32
Face recognition occurs, at least in part, in the f___ g__ of the temporal lobe
fusiform gyrus
33
The inability to recognize faces—would imply damage of some kind to the configurational system
Prosopagnosia
34
It occurs when our perception of an object remains the same even when our proximal sensation of the distal object changes
Perceptual Constancies
35
the perception that an object maintains the same size despite changes in the size of the proximal stimulus
Size constancy
36
The ability to see the world in 3 dimensions and detect distance
Depth Perception
37
cues can be represented in just two dimensions and observed with just one eye
Monocular depth
38
cues are based on the receipt of sensory information in three dimensions from both eyes
Binocular depth
39
Parallel lines converge in distance
Linear perspective
40
images seem blurry, the farther away
Aerial perspective
41
objects get smaller at decreasing speed in distance
Motion Parallax
42
eyes turn inward as object moves towards you, brain uses this information to judge distance
Binocular convergence
43
each eye views a slightly different angle of an object; Brain uses this to create a 3-d image
Binocular disparity
44
Inability to recognize and identify objects or persons despite having knowledge of the characteristics of the objects or persons
Agnosia
45
Inability to recognize faces, including one's own
Prosopagnosia
46
- Normal visual fields, yet act blind | - Perceives only one stimulus at a time—single word or object
Simultagnosic/Simultagnosia
47
- Cannot navigate in even familiar environment | - Gets lost
Spatial Agnosia
48
- Cannot recognize certain sounds | - Can not tell if two melodies are the same or different
Auditory Agnosia
49
Can see two colors are different, but cannot name the colors
Color Agnosia
50
- Cannot use vision to guide movement | - Unable to reach for items
Optic ataxia