Memory

Question 1

Variety of Research methods that Researchers used:

Answer 1

• Laboratory or other controlled experiments
• psychobiological research
• self-reports
• case studies
• naturalistic observation
• computer simulations and artificial intelligence

Question 2

It include data gathering, data analysis, theory development, hypothesis formulation, hypothesis testing, and perhaps even application to settings outside the research environment.

A. Research goals
B. Researchers
C. Data gathering and statistical analysis

Answer 2

A. Research goals

Question 3

They seek to gather as much information as possible about a particular phenomenon

A. Research goals
B. Researchers
C. Data gathering and statistical analysis

Answer 3

B. Researchers

Question 4

D_ _ a g _ t _ e _ _ _ g and S _ a _ _ _ t _ _ _ l a _ _ l y _ i _ aid the researchers in describing cognitive phenomena.

Answer 4

Data gathering and Statistical analysis

Question 5

One of the variables that are aspects of an investigation that are individually manipulated, or carefully regulated, by the experimenter, while other aspects of the investigation are held constant.

A. Independent variables
B. Dependent variables

Answer 5

A. Independent variables

Question 6

One of the variables that are outcome responses, the values of which depend on how one or more independent variables influence or affect the participants in the experiment.

A. Independent variables
B. Dependent variables

Answer 6

B. Dependent variables

Question 7

It is a description of a relationship.

A. Correlation
B. Correlation coefficient
C. Independent
D. Dependent

Answer 7

A. Correlation

Question 8

It describes the strength of the relationship

A. Correlation
B. Correlation coefficient
C. Independent
D. Dependent

Answer 8

B. Correlation coefficient

Question 9

The closer the coefficient is to 1 (either positive or negative), the stronger the relationship between the variables is.

True or False?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

are often the method of choice when researchers do not want to deceive their subjects by using manipulations in an experiment or when they are interested in factors that cannot be manipulated ethically; Findings of statistical relationships are highly informative.

A. Experiment studies
B. Descriptive studies
C. Correlational studies
D. Psychobiological research

Answer 10

C. Correlational studies

Question 11

Study of the relationship between cognitive performance and cerebral events and structures.

A. Experiment studies
B. Descriptive studies
C. Correlational studies
D. Psychobiological research

Answer 11

D. Psychobiological research

Question 12

Techniques for studying an individual’s brain p___ (after the death of an individual), relating the individual’s cognitive function prior to death to observable features of the brain

Answer 12

Postmortem

Question 13

an individual’s own account of cognitive processes

A. Self-reports
B. Case studies
C. Naturalistic observation

Answer 13

A. Self-reports

Question 14

in-depth studies of individuals

A. Self-reports
B. Case studies
C. Naturalistic observation

Answer 14

B. Case studies

Question 15

detailed studies of cognitive performance in everyday situations and nonlaboratory contexts

A. Self-reports
B. Case studies
C. Naturalistic observation

Answer 15

C. Naturalistic observation

Question 16

researchers program computers to imitate a given human function or process.

A. Computer simulations
B. Artificial intelligence

Answer 16

A. Computer simulations

Question 17

is the means by which we retain and draw on our past experiences to use that information in the present.

A. Memory
B. Consciousness
C. Storage

Answer 17

A. Memory

Question 18

One of the three common operations of memory that transforms sensory data into a form of mental representation.

A. Encoding
B. Storage
C. Retrieval

Answer 18

A. Encoding

Question 19

One of the three common operations of memory that keeps encoded information in memory.

A. Encoding
B. Storage
C. Retrieval

Answer 19

B. Storage

Question 20

One of the three common operations of memory that pull out or use information stored in memory.

A. Encoding
B. Storage
C. Retrieval

Answer 20

C. Retrieval

Question 21

a person produces a fact, a word, or other item from memory.

A. Recall
B. Recognition

Answer 21

A. Recall

Question 22

you select or otherwise identify an item as being one that you have been exposed to previously.

A. Recall
B. Recognition

Answer 22

B. Recognition

Question 23

a person recall items in the exact order in which they were presented.

A. Serial recall
B. Free recall
C. Cued recall

Answer 23

A. Serial recall

Question 24

a person recall items in any order you choose

A. Serial recall
B. Free recall
C. Cued recall

Answer 24

B. Free recall

Question 25

(paired-associates recall), a person is first shown items in pairs, but during recall you are cued with only one member of each pair and are asked to recall each mate. A. Serial recall B. Free recall C. Cued recall

Answer 25

C. Cued recall

Question 26

participants engage in conscious recollection. A. Explicit memory B. Implicit memory

Answer 26

A. Explicit memory

Question 27

We use information from memory but are not consciously aware that we are doing so. A. Explicit memory B. Implicit memory

Answer 27

B. Implicit memory

Question 28

holds Temporary information currently in use A. Primary memory B. Secondary memory C. Tertiary memory

Answer 28

A. Primary memory

Question 29

It measure skills and knowledge that relate to the cultural experiences of the test-takers. A. Culture-relevant tests B. Social-relevant tests C. History-relevant tests

Answer 29

A. Culture-relevant tests

Question 30

A memory store that is capable of storing relatively limited amounts of information for very brief periods A. Sensory store B. Short-term store C. Long-term store

Answer 30

A. Sensory store

Question 31

A memory store that is capable of storing information for somewhat longer periods but of relatively limited capacity as well A. Sensory store B. Short-term store C. Long-term store

Answer 31

B. Short-term store

Question 32

A memory store that is capable of storing information for very long periods, perhaps even indefinitely. A. Sensory store B. Short-term store C. Long-term store

Answer 32

C. Long-term store

Question 33

it postulates that memory does not comprise three or even any specific number of separate stores, but rather varies along a continuous dimension in terms of depth of encoding. A. Perceptual processing B. Phonemic processing C. Levels-of-Processing Model

Answer 33

C. Levels-of-Processing Model

Question 34

holds only the most recently activated, or conscious, portion of long-term memory, and it moves these activated elements into and out of brief, temporary memory storage A. Active memory B. Working memory

Answer 34

B. Working memory

Question 35

A kind of explicit memory that stores general world knowledge. A. Semantic memory B. Episodic memory

Answer 35

A. Semantic memory

Question 36

A kind of explicit memory that stores personally experienced events or episodes. A. Semantic memory B. Episodic memory

Answer 36

B. Episodic memory

Question 37

It is the experience of sensations in a sensory modality different from the sense that has been physically stimulated. A. Synesthesia B. Anaesthesia C. Synthesisia

Answer 37

A. Synesthesia

Question 38

A severe loss of explicit memory A. Amnesia B. Synesthesia C. Anaesthesia

Answer 38

A. Amnesia

Question 39

individuals lose their purposeful memory for events prior to whatever trauma induces memory loss A. Amnesia B. Retrograde amnesia C. Anterograde amnesia

Answer 39

B. Retrograde amnesia

Question 40

the inability to remember events that occur after a traumatic event. A. Amnesia B. Retrograde amnesia C. Anterograde amnesia

Answer 40

C. Anterograde amnesia

Question 41

a disease of older adults that causes dementia as well as progressive memory loss. A. Dementia B. Amnesia C. Alzheimer's disease

Answer 41

C. Alzheimer's disease

Question 42

A special kind of Alzheimer's disease that has been linked to a genetic mutation A. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease B. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease

Answer 42

B. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease

Question 43

The earliest signs of Alzheimer’s disease typically include impairment of episodic memory. As the disease progresses, semantic memory also begins to go. True or False?

Answer 43

True

Question 44

which holds information permanently. A. Primary memory B. Secondary memory

Answer 44

Secondary memory