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Cognitive Psychology > Memory Process > Flashcards

Memory Process Flashcards

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1
Q

transforms sensory data into a form of mental representation.

A. Encoding
B. Storage
C. Retrieval

A

A. Encoding

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2
Q

keeps encoded information in memory.

A. Encoding
B. Storage
C. Retrieval

A

B. Storage

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3
Q

pull out or use information stored in memory.

A. Encoding
B. Storage
C. Retrieval

A

C. Retrieval

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4
Q

Before information can be stored in memory, it first needs to be decoded for storage.

True or False?

A

False. Before information can be stored in memory, it first needs to be ENCODED for storage.

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5
Q

Even if the information is held in our short-term memory, it is not always transferred to our long-term memory.

True or False?

A

True

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6
Q

So in order to forget events and facts over a long period of time, we need to encode and subsequently transfer them from short-term to long-term storage.

True or False?

A

False. So in order to REMEMBER events and facts over a long period of time, we need to encode and subsequently transfer them from short-term to long-term storage.

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7
Q

It relies primarily on an acoustic rather than a semantic code.

A. Short-term storage
B. Long-term storage

A

A. Short-term storage

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8
Q

Most information stored is primarily semantically encoded.

A. Short-term storage
B. Long-term storage

A

B. Long-term storage

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9
Q

When competing information interferes with our storing information.

A. Interference
B. Decay

A

A. Interference

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10
Q

When we forget facts just because time passes.

A. Interference
B. Decay

A

B. Decay

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11
Q

We may use various metamemory strategies to preserve or enhance the integrity of memories during consolidation.

True or False?

A

True

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12
Q

involve reflecting on our own memory processes with a view to improving our memory.

A. Metacognitive strategies
B. Metamemory strategies

A

B. Metamemory strategies

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13
Q

our ability to think about and control our own processes of thought and ways of enhancing our thinking.

A. Metacognition
B. Metamemory

A

A. Metacognition

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14
Q

The repeated recitation of an item.

A. Practice
B. Rehearsal

A

B. Rehearsal

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15
Q

The effects of such rehearsal are termed ____?

A. Rehearsal effects
B. Practice effects

A

B. Practice effects

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16
Q

the individual somehow elaborates the items to be remembered.

A. Elaborative rehearsal
B. Maintenance rehearsal

A

A. Elaborative rehearsal

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17
Q

the individual simply repetitiously rehearses the items to be repeated.

A. Elaborative rehearsal
B. Maintenance rehearsal

A

B. Maintenance rehearsal

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18
Q

A cognitive phenomenon in which distributing to-be-learned information across time in short, interrupted study sessions leads to better long-term retention than continuous, massed sessions.

A. Practice effect
B. Spacing effect
C. Interrupted effect

A

B. Spacing effect

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19
Q

distributed practice is more beneficial than massed practice

True or False?

A

True

20
Q

a disorder that deprives the sufferer of much-needed sleep, have trouble with memory consolidation

A. Sleep deprivation
B. Insomnia

A

B. Insomnia

21
Q

A good nap, which includes plenty of ROM-stage sleep, aids in memory consolidation.

True or False

A

False. A GOOD NIGHT SLEEP, which includes plenty of REM-stage sleep, aids in memory consolidation.

22
Q

It refers to the simultaneous handling of multiple operations.

A. Parallel processing
B. Serial processing

A

A. Parallel processing

23
Q

It refers to operations being done one after another.

A. Parallel processing
B. Serial processing

A

B. Serial processing

24
Q

It implies that the participant always checks the test digit against all digits in the positive set, even if a match were found partway through the list.

A. Exhaustive serial processing
B. Self-terminating serial processing

A

A. Exhaustive serial processing

25
Q

It implies that the participant would check the test digit against only those digits needed to make a response.

A. Exhaustive serial processing
B. Self-terminating serial processing

A

B. Self-terminating serial processing

26
Q

It is the presence of information stored in long-term memory

A. Availability
B. Credibility
C. Accessibility

A

A. Availability

27
Q

It is the degree to which we can gain access to the available information.

A. Availability
B. Credibility
C. Accessibility

A

C. Accessibility

28
Q

It occurs when competing information causes us to forget something

A. Interference
B. Decay

A

A. Interference

29
Q

It occurs when simply the passage of time causes us to forget.

A. Interference
B. Decay

A

B. Decay

30
Q

It refers to the view that forgetting occurs because recall of certain words interferes with recall of other words.

A. Conference theory
B. Interference theory
C. Transference theory

A

B. Interference theory

31
Q

It occurs when newly acquired knowledge impedes the recall of older material.

A. Retroactive interference
B. Proactive interference
C. Retroactive transference
D. Proactive transference

A

A. Retroactive interference

32
Q

It occurs when material that was learned in the past impedes the learning of new material.

A. Retroactive interference
B. Proactive interference
C. Retroactive transference
D. Proactive transference

A

B. Proactive interference

33
Q

This theory asserts that information is forgotten because of the gradual disappearance, rather than displacement, of the memory trace.

A. Interference theory
B. Decay theory

A

B. Decay theory

34
Q

Through this method, participants maintain the to-be-remembered information in memory. Usually participants know that you are testing their memory.

A. Practice
B. Mnemonics
C. Rehearsal
D. Testing

A

C. Rehearsal

35
Q

An important lesson about memory is that memory retrieval is not just reconstructive, involving the use of various strategies (e.g., searching for cues, drawing inferences) for retrieving the original memory traces of our experiences and then rebuilding the original experiences as a basis for retrieval.

True or False?

A

True

36
Q

memory is also destructive, in that prior experience affects how we recall things and what we actually recall from memory

True or False?

A

False. Memory is also CONSTRUCTIVE, in that prior experience affects how we recall things and what we actually recall from memory

37
Q

refers to memory of an individual’s history.

A. Biographical memory
B. Autobiographical memory

A

B. Autobiographical memory

38
Q

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to the decreasing accessibility of memory over time.

A. Transience
B. Blocking
C. Absent-mindedness
D. Misattribution

A

A. Transience

39
Q

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to the lapses of attention and forgetting to do things.

A. Transience
B. Blocking
C. Absent-mindedness
D. Misattribution

A

C. Absent-mindedness

40
Q

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to the Temporary inaccessibility of stored information, such as tip-of-the-tongue syndrome.

A. Transience
B. Blocking
C. Absent-mindedness
D. Misattribution

A

B. Blocking

41
Q

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to the Attribution of memories to incorrect sources or believing that you have seen or heard something you haven’t.

A. Transience
B. Blocking
C. Absent-mindedness
D. Misattribution

A

D. Misattribution

42
Q

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to incorporation of misinformation into memory due to leading questions, deception and other causes.

A. Suggestibility
B. Bias
C. Persistence
D. Dissociation

A

A. Suggestibility

43
Q

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to retrospective distortions produced by current knowledge and beliefs.

A. Suggestibility
B. Bias
C. Persistence
D. Dissociation

A

B. Bias

44
Q

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to Unwanted recollections that people can’t forget, such as the unrelenting, intrusive memories of post-traumatic stress disorder.

A. Suggestibility
B. Bias
C. Persistence
D. Dissociation

A

C. Persistence

45
Q

There are serious controversial problems of wrongful conviction when using eyewitness testimony as the sole, or even the primary, basis for convicting accused people of crimes.

True or False?

A

False. There are serious POTENTIAL problems of wrongful conviction when using eyewitness testimony as the sole, or even the primary, basis for convicting accused people of crimes.

46
Q

Children’s recollections are particularly susceptible to distortion. The younger the child has, the reliable the testimony of that child can be expected to be. When a questioner is coercive or even just seems to want a particular answer, children can be quite susceptible to providing the adult with what he or she wants to hear.

True or False?

A

False. Children’s recollections are particularly susceptible to distortion. The younger the child has, the LESS RELIABLE the testimony of that child can be expected to be. When a questioner is coercive or even just seems to want a particular answer, children can be quite susceptible to providing the adult with what he or she wants to hear.

Cognitive Psychology (6 decks)

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