Memory Process

Question 1

transforms sensory data into a form of mental representation.

A. Encoding
B. Storage
C. Retrieval

Answer 1

A. Encoding

Question 2

keeps encoded information in memory.

A. Encoding
B. Storage
C. Retrieval

Answer 2

B. Storage

Question 3

pull out or use information stored in memory.

A. Encoding
B. Storage
C. Retrieval

Answer 3

C. Retrieval

Question 4

Before information can be stored in memory, it first needs to be decoded for storage.

True or False?

Answer 4

False. Before information can be stored in memory, it first needs to be ENCODED for storage.

Question 5

Even if the information is held in our short-term memory, it is not always transferred to our long-term memory.

True or False?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

So in order to forget events and facts over a long period of time, we need to encode and subsequently transfer them from short-term to long-term storage.

True or False?

Answer 6

False. So in order to REMEMBER events and facts over a long period of time, we need to encode and subsequently transfer them from short-term to long-term storage.

Question 7

It relies primarily on an acoustic rather than a semantic code.

A. Short-term storage
B. Long-term storage

Answer 7

A. Short-term storage

Question 8

Most information stored is primarily semantically encoded.

A. Short-term storage
B. Long-term storage

Answer 8

B. Long-term storage

Question 9

When competing information interferes with our storing information.

A. Interference
B. Decay

Answer 9

A. Interference

Question 10

When we forget facts just because time passes.

A. Interference
B. Decay

Answer 10

B. Decay

Question 11

We may use various metamemory strategies to preserve or enhance the integrity of memories during consolidation.

True or False?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

involve reflecting on our own memory processes with a view to improving our memory.

A. Metacognitive strategies
B. Metamemory strategies

Answer 12

B. Metamemory strategies

Question 13

our ability to think about and control our own processes of thought and ways of enhancing our thinking.

A. Metacognition
B. Metamemory

Answer 13

A. Metacognition

Question 14

The repeated recitation of an item.

A. Practice
B. Rehearsal

Answer 14

B. Rehearsal

Question 15

The effects of such rehearsal are termed ____?

A. Rehearsal effects
B. Practice effects

Answer 15

B. Practice effects

Question 16

the individual somehow elaborates the items to be remembered.

A. Elaborative rehearsal
B. Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 16

A. Elaborative rehearsal

Question 17

the individual simply repetitiously rehearses the items to be repeated.

A. Elaborative rehearsal
B. Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 17

B. Maintenance rehearsal

Question 18

A cognitive phenomenon in which distributing to-be-learned information across time in short, interrupted study sessions leads to better long-term retention than continuous, massed sessions.

A. Practice effect
B. Spacing effect
C. Interrupted effect

Answer 18

B. Spacing effect

Question 19

distributed practice is more beneficial than massed practice

True or False?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

a disorder that deprives the sufferer of much-needed sleep, have trouble with memory consolidation

A. Sleep deprivation
B. Insomnia

Answer 20

B. Insomnia

Question 21

A good nap, which includes plenty of ROM-stage sleep, aids in memory consolidation.

True or False

Answer 21

False. A GOOD NIGHT SLEEP, which includes plenty of REM-stage sleep, aids in memory consolidation.

Question 22

It refers to the simultaneous handling of multiple operations.

A. Parallel processing
B. Serial processing

Answer 22

A. Parallel processing

Question 23

It refers to operations being done one after another.

A. Parallel processing
B. Serial processing

Answer 23

B. Serial processing

Question 24

It implies that the participant always checks the test digit against all digits in the positive set, even if a match were found partway through the list.

A. Exhaustive serial processing
B. Self-terminating serial processing

Answer 24

A. Exhaustive serial processing

Question 25

It implies that the participant would check the test digit against only those digits needed to make a response. A. Exhaustive serial processing B. Self-terminating serial processing

Answer 25

B. Self-terminating serial processing

Question 26

It is the presence of information stored in long-term memory A. Availability B. Credibility C. Accessibility

Answer 26

A. Availability

Question 27

It is the degree to which we can gain access to the available information. A. Availability B. Credibility C. Accessibility

Answer 27

C. Accessibility

Question 28

It occurs when competing information causes us to forget something A. Interference B. Decay

Answer 28

A. Interference

Question 29

It occurs when simply the passage of time causes us to forget. A. Interference B. Decay

Answer 29

B. Decay

Question 30

It refers to the view that forgetting occurs because recall of certain words interferes with recall of other words. A. Conference theory B. Interference theory C. Transference theory

Answer 30

B. Interference theory

Question 31

It occurs when newly acquired knowledge impedes the recall of older material. A. Retroactive interference B. Proactive interference C. Retroactive transference D. Proactive transference

Answer 31

A. Retroactive interference

Question 32

It occurs when material that was learned in the past impedes the learning of new material. A. Retroactive interference B. Proactive interference C. Retroactive transference D. Proactive transference

Answer 32

B. Proactive interference

Question 33

This theory asserts that information is forgotten because of the gradual disappearance, rather than displacement, of the memory trace. A. Interference theory B. Decay theory

Answer 33

B. Decay theory

Question 34

Through this method, participants maintain the to-be-remembered information in memory. Usually participants know that you are testing their memory. A. Practice B. Mnemonics C. Rehearsal D. Testing

Answer 34

C. Rehearsal

Question 35

An important lesson about memory is that memory retrieval is not just reconstructive, involving the use of various strategies (e.g., searching for cues, drawing inferences) for retrieving the original memory traces of our experiences and then rebuilding the original experiences as a basis for retrieval. True or False?

Answer 35

True

Question 36

memory is also destructive, in that prior experience affects how we recall things and what we actually recall from memory True or False?

Answer 36

False. Memory is also CONSTRUCTIVE, in that prior experience affects how we recall things and what we actually recall from memory

Question 37

refers to memory of an individual’s history. A. Biographical memory B. Autobiographical memory

Answer 37

B. Autobiographical memory

Question 38

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to the decreasing accessibility of memory over time. A. Transience B. Blocking C. Absent-mindedness D. Misattribution

Answer 38

A. Transience

Question 39

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to the lapses of attention and forgetting to do things.  A. Transience B. Blocking C. Absent-mindedness D. Misattribution

Answer 39

C. Absent-mindedness

Question 40

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to the Temporary inaccessibility of stored information, such as tip-of-the-tongue syndrome. A. Transience B. Blocking C. Absent-mindedness D. Misattribution

Answer 40

B. Blocking

Question 41

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to the Attribution of memories to incorrect sources or believing that you have seen or heard something you haven't. A. Transience B. Blocking C. Absent-mindedness D. Misattribution

Answer 41

D. Misattribution

Question 42

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to incorporation of misinformation into memory due to leading questions, deception and other causes.  A. Suggestibility B. Bias C. Persistence D. Dissociation

Answer 42

A. Suggestibility

Question 43

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to retrospective distortions produced by current knowledge and beliefs. A. Suggestibility B. Bias C. Persistence D. Dissociation

Answer 43

B. Bias

Question 44

One of the seven sins of memory that refers to Unwanted recollections that people can't forget, such as the unrelenting, intrusive memories of post-traumatic stress disorder. A. Suggestibility B. Bias C. Persistence D. Dissociation

Answer 44

C. Persistence

Question 45

There are serious controversial problems of wrongful conviction when using eyewitness testimony as the sole, or even the primary, basis for convicting accused people of crimes. True or False?

Answer 45

False. There are serious POTENTIAL problems of wrongful conviction when using eyewitness testimony as the sole, or even the primary, basis for convicting accused people of crimes.

Question 46

Children’s recollections are particularly susceptible to distortion. The younger the child has, the reliable the testimony of that child can be expected to be. When a questioner is coercive or even just seems to want a particular answer, children can be quite susceptible to providing the adult with what he or she wants to hear. True or False?

Answer 46

False. Children’s recollections are particularly susceptible to distortion. The younger the child has, the LESS RELIABLE the testimony of that child can be expected to be. When a questioner is coercive or even just seems to want a particular answer, children can be quite susceptible to providing the adult with what he or she wants to hear.