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BV and Optometric Neurophysiology > Visual Pathways > Flashcards

Visual Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ring of glial tissue that separates the retinal layers and the optic nerve?

A

Intermediary tissue of Kuhnt

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2
Q

What is the ring of fibrous tissue that separates the choroid and sclera from the optic nerve?

A

Marginal/border tissue

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3
Q

Out of the RPE, Bruch’s membrane and the choroidal vascular layers, which two go up to the optic nerve?

A

RPE and Bruch’s membrane

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4
Q

What is the scleral canal? How long is it?

A

The point where the optic nerve passes through the sclera
0.5mm long

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5
Q

What are the three shapes that the scleral canal could be?

A

Cone (narrowest at Bruch’s membrane)
Cylinder (even diameter)
X (narrowest in centre)

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6
Q

How many fibres does the optic nerve contain?

A

~1 million

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7
Q

Where does myelination of the optic nerve normally start?

A

At the lamina cribosa

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8
Q

What three types of fibres are within the optic nerve?

A

Visual
Pupillary
Centrifugal (retino-motor)

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9
Q

How many nerve bundles is the optic nerve separated into? What separates them?

A

800-1200
Septa or glial tissue separates

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10
Q

What separates the ventromedial and dorsolateral portions of the optic nerve?

A

Triangular septum

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11
Q

What are the meninges of the optic nerve, from inner to outer?

A

Pia mater
Arachnoid
Dura mater

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the pia mater?

A

Tough and fibrous
Elastic fibres (outer: circular, inner: longitudinal)
Highly vascularised
It’s continuous with the central retinal artery, arterial wall and septa

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the arachnoid?

A

Very thin
Collagenous

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the dura mater?

A

Tough and fibrous
Elastic fibres, continuous with sclera (inner: circular, outer: longitudinal)

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15
Q

Where is the chiasm located and what surrounds it?

A

Above pituitary fossa
Surrounded by pia mater and CSF

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16
Q

What are the secondary visual pathways?

A

Superior colliculus: Eye movements
Suprachiasmatic nucleus: Circadian rhythms
Pretectum to Edinger Westphal nucleus: Pupillary light reflex, accommodation
Accessory optic nuclei: visual flow

17
Q

What are some features of the optic tract?

A

Not attached to anything near chiasm, but attached to third ventricle wall
Cylindrical then flattens slightly

18
Q

Where is the LGN located?

A

Anterior lateral thalamus

19
Q

Which layers of the LGN contain information from the ipsilateral eye?

A

2, 3, 5

20
Q

Which layers of the LGN contain information from the contralateral eye?

A

1, 4, 6

21
Q

Which layers of the LGN contain magnocellular information?

A

1, 2

22
Q

Which layers of the LGN contain parvocellular information?

A

3, 4, 5, 6

23
Q

Which layers of the LGN contain koniocellular information?

A

Between magno and parvo layers

24
Q

What inputs does the LGN have?

A

Magnocellular (large cells and RFs - movement)
Parvocellular (small cells and RFs - detail, spatial contrast, colour)
Koniocellular (colour)
V1 (feedback, control and mapping - 80%)
Brainstem (alertness, attentiveness, arousal)

25
Q

Which field do the upper/inner radiations relate to?

A

Inferior visual field (superior retina)

26
Q

Which field do the lower/outer radiations/Meyer’s loop relate to?

A

Superior visual field (inferior retina)

27
Q

What is V1 also known as?

A

Striate cortex
Brodmann’s Area 17

28
Q

What is the Line of Gennari?

A

Myelination in V1 (layer 4B) which marks where V2 begins (ends there)

29
Q

How many layers are there in V1?

A

6

30
Q

Which layer of V1 does the LGN input go into?

A

4C

31
Q

What are the 6 layers of V1?

A

1: Molecular (horizontal cells)
2: External granular (small pyramidal cells)
3: External pyramidal (medium pyramidal cells)
4: Inner granular (stellate cells)
5: Inner pyramidal (medium, large and giant cells)
6: Polymorphic (polymorphic cells)

32
Q

The dorsal pathway is for what?

A

Where - magnocellular - movement

33
Q

The ventral pathway is for what?

A

What - parvocellular - detail

BV and Optometric Neurophysiology (7 decks)

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