visual loss and blindeness

Question 1

name some causes of sudden visual loss?

Answer 1

occlusion of arteries /veins
haemorrhage
retinal detachment
wet age related macular degeneration

closed angle glaucoma
optic neuritis
stroke

Question 2

main cause of central retinal vein occlusion?

Answer 2

carotid artery disease

Question 3

sudden profound visual loss
painless
pale oedematous retina
thread like retinal vessels
relative afferent pupil defect

Answer 3

central retinal artery occlusion

Question 4

how ton manage central retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 4

ocular massage (if present in 24 hours)
carotid doppler to find source of emboli

Question 5

transient central retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 5

Amaurosis fugax

Question 6

transient painless visual loss
“like a curtain coming down”
last 5 mins with full recovery

Answer 6

Amaurosis fugax

Question 7

causes of central retinal vein occlusion?

Answer 7

atherosclerosis
hypertension
hyperviscosity

raised IOP

Question 8

dark retina compared to pale

Answer 8

vein occlusion is dark

artery occlusion is pale

Question 9

how to treat central artery vein occlusion

Answer 9

anti VEGFs

Question 10

what can giant cell arteritis cause?

Answer 10

occlusion of the optic nerve head.

Question 11

loss of vision
floaters
loss of red reflex

Answer 11

virtous haemorrhage

Question 12

painless loss of vision
sudden onset flashes and floaters
may see a tear

Answer 12

retinal detachment

Question 13

what happens in wet age related macular regeneration

Answer 13

new blood vessels grow under retina and they leak which causes a build up of fluid/blood which eventually leads to scarring.

you get rapid central vision loss and distortion

Question 14

how do you treat wet ARMD?

Answer 14

anti VEGF

Question 15

causes of gradual vision loss ? (CARDIGAN)

Answer 15

cataract
age related macular degeneration (dry)
refractive error
diabetic neuropathy
inherited disease- retinitis pigmentosa
glaucoma
access to eye clinic
non urgent

Question 16

cloudiness over lens

Answer 16

cataract

Question 17

gradual decline in vision
central vision missing (scotoma)
drusen- build up of waste products
atrophic patches on retina

Answer 17

dry ARMD

Question 18

myopia

Answer 18

short sighted

Question 19

hypermetropia

Answer 19

long sighted

Question 20

astigmatism

Answer 20

irregular corneal curvature

Question 21

presbyopia

Answer 21

loss of accomodation with age

Question 22

progressive optic neuropathy

Answer 22

glaucoma

Question 23

close angle glaucoma- what is it like?

Answer 23

emergency!
painful red eye
visual loss
headache
nauses
vomiting

Question 24

open angle glaucoma? whats it likr?

Answer 24

aften aysmptomatic