Visual Fields and System

Question 1

what is pigment of a photoreceptor?

Answer 1

rhodopsin

Question 2

where are rods located in retina?

Answer 2

only in peripheral

Question 3

where are cones located in retina?

Answer 3

center of retina mainly

Question 4

increased ICP leads to what in optic disc?

Answer 4

papilledema

Question 5

where does left visual field map in cortex?

Answer 5

right hemi

Question 6

where does right visual field map in cortex?

Answer 6

left hemi

Question 7

where does vision synapse in thalamus?

Answer 7

LGN

Question 8

where is primary visual cortex in occipital lobe?

Answer 8

primarily in the medial aspect of it

Question 9

the lower portion of the primary visual cortex is for the upper or lower visual field?

Answer 9

upper visual field

Question 10

the upper portion of the primary visual cortex is for the upper or lower visual field?

Answer 10

lower visual field

Question 11

what divides the upper and lower portions of the primary visual cortex?

Answer 11

calcarine sulcus

Question 12

the left eye left visual field hits where on retina?

Answer 12

medial portion of left retina

Question 13

the left eye right field hits where on retina?

Answer 13

temporal aspect

Question 14

the right eye right visual field hits where on retina?

Answer 14

medial portion of right retina

Question 15

the right eye left visual field hits where on retina?

Answer 15

temporal aspect

Question 16

what two visual fields cross in the optic chiasm?

Answer 16

right eye right visual field and left eye left visual field

Question 17

clip of right optic nerve leads to what change in vision? what is this called?

Answer 17

loss of right eye vision, right anopia

Question 18

clip of left optic nerve leads to what change in vision? what is this called?

Answer 18

loss of left eye vision, left anopia

Question 19

clip of optic chiasm leads to what change in vision? what is this called?

Answer 19

bilateral hemianopia…loss of outer fields in both eyes

Question 20

what is a common lesion that causes bilateral hemianopia? where is issue with bilateral hemianopia?

Answer 20

pituitary lesion…in optic chiasm

Question 21

clip of right optic tract leads to what change in vision? what is this called?

Answer 21

loss of left visual field in left eye and left visual field in right eye

called left homonymous hemianopia

Question 22

what is homonymous hemianopia?

Answer 22

cut in optic tract, lose opposite field of side of lesion on both eyes

Question 23

what usually causes homonymous hemianopia?

Answer 23

cut in optic tract

Question 24

after the LGN, what are the two tracts to the primary visual cortex?

Answer 24

Meyer loop and dorsal optic radiation

Question 25

where does meyer loop go through on way to visual cortex?

Answer 25

temporal lobe

Question 26

where does dorsal optic radiation go through on way to visual cortex?

Answer 26

parietal lobe

Question 27

meyers loop carries information about what portions of the visual field? and hits the visual cortex in what portion?

Answer 27

upper visual fields, but in cortex is on the lower portion

Question 28

a lesion in the right meyers loop leads to what visual changes?

Answer 28

loss of left upper field quadrant in both eyes

Question 29

what is a lesion in meyers loop called?

Answer 29

upper quadrantinopia

Question 30

what are two causes of meyers loop lesions?

Answer 30

right temporal lesion and MCA ischemia

Question 31

if lesion occurs in the left dorsal optic radiation, where is visual field loss? what is this called?

Answer 31

right lower quadrantinopia…right lower visual fields of both eyes

Question 32

what are two lesions that can lead to lower quadrantinopia?

Answer 32

parietal lobe lesion and MCA ischemia

Question 33

what are changes seen in left sided occipital lobe lesion? what is this called?

Answer 33

right visual field loss with macular sparing in both eyes…called right hemianopia with macular sparing

Question 34

what are two lesions that lead to hemianopias with macular sparing?

Answer 34

occipital lobe lesions and PCA ischemia

Question 35

what is central scotoma? what is another name for this?

Answer 35

macular degeneration…loss of only central vision

Question 36

in pupillary reflex, where does signal from CNII go when we have light shined in eye?

Answer 36

to pretectal nuclei

Question 37

where does the pretectal nuclei activate after it receives input from CNII that light is bright in an eye?

Answer 37

bilateral edinger westphal nuclei

Question 38

what does edinger westphal nucleus do after stimulation from pretectal nuclei in the pupillary reflex?

Answer 38

leads to parasympathetic output bilaterally to constrict pupils

Question 39

the parasympathetic output to constrict the eye starts with what nuclei?

Answer 39

edinger westphal nuclei

Question 40

where does edinger westphal nuclei synapse in parasympathetic tract to eye?

Answer 40

ciliary ganglia

Question 41

ciliary nerves in the parasympathetic tract go to what muscle in the eye and cause what?

Answer 41

sphincter pupillae muscle and lead to constriction of the pupil

Question 42

what is pupillary constriction called?

Answer 42

miosis

Question 43

what is pupillary dilation called?

Answer 43

mydriasis

Question 44

what is the first nuclei in sympathetic process to dilate the eye?

Answer 44

hypothalamus to thoracic lateral horn

Question 45

what is second nuclei in sympathetic process to dilate the eye?

Answer 45

thoracic lateral horn to superior cervical ganglion

Question 46

what is third nuclei in sympathetic process to dilate the eye?

Answer 46

from superior cervical ganglion along the internal carotid to the pupillary dilator muscles