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Neuro Week 3 > Seizures > Flashcards

Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

syncope is related to what?

A

cerebral hypoperfusion

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2
Q

what are three common causes of orthostatic syncope?

A

autonomic failure
volume depletion
medications

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3
Q

what medications classically cause orthostatic syncope?

A

anti hypertensive and anti depressant

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4
Q

what is an autonomic failure leading to orthostatic syncope?

A

spinal cord injury

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5
Q

what is difference in generalized and focal onset seizures?

A

focal is a small set of neurons that are firing and generalized is like everything messing up

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6
Q

which seizure type can you have awareness?

A

focal

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7
Q

what must be gone in generalized seizures?

A

awareness

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8
Q

what is most common cause of seizures in peds?

A

febrile seizures

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9
Q

what is Rx for febrile seizures?

A

avoid fevers

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10
Q

what is an absence seizure?

A

staring spell and then back to normal

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11
Q

what is Rx for absence seizure?

A

ethosuximide

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12
Q

what is EEG finding for absence seizure>

A

3Hz spike and wave

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13
Q

is absence seizure considered focal or generalized?

A

generalized bc loss of consciousness..they cant remmber what happened in time of seizzure

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14
Q

what are the five types of generalized seizures?

A 
tonic
tonic-clonic
absence
myoclonic
atonic
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15
Q

what is an atonic seizure?

A

drop seizure…drop to floor

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16
Q

what is tonic seizure?

A

stiffening of muscles

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17
Q

what is a tonic clonic seizure?

A

alternating stiffening and movement

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18
Q

what is a myoclonic seizure?

A

quick and repetitive jerks

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19
Q

what is an absent seizure?

A

blank stare then back to normal

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20
Q

what are two types of partial seizures?

A

simple and complex partial

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21
Q

which focal seizure has loss of cnsciousness?

A

complex partial

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22
Q

what can complex partial seizure progress to?

A

tonic clonic secondary generalized seizure

23
Q

name the 5 common causes of child seizures

A

genetic, infection, congenital, metabolic, trauma

24
Q

what are the three common causes of adult seizures?

A

tumor trauma infection

25
Q

what are the 4 common causes of elderly seizures?

A

tumor trauma infection metabolic

26
Q

name the three childhood seizure syndromes to be aware of

A

infantile spasms
lennox gastaout syndrome
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

27
Q

what are infantile spasms associated with?

A

developmental regression..permanent

28
Q

what is Rx for infantile spasms?

A

ACTH, vigabatrin

29
Q

what is lennox gastaut syndrome associated with? when does it onset?

A

in first decade…developmental regression

30
Q

what is Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy associated with?

A

normal development

31
Q

when does juvenile myoclonid epilepsy onset?

A

adolescents

32
Q

what is Rx for Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

A

valproate or lamotrigine (preferred)

33
Q

what is a common lobe associated with an epilepsy syndrome?

A

temporal lobe epilepsy

34
Q

what type of seizures occur in temporal lobe epilepsy?

A

simple partial…with awareness
or
focal with impaired awareness (complex partial)

35
Q

where do seizures arise from in temporal lobe epilepsy?

A

amygdala/hippocampus

36
Q

what are symptoms of simple partial seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy?

A

transient sense of fear, unpleasant olfactory hallucinations

37
Q

what are symptoms of complex partial seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy?

A

staring/automatisms lasting for minutes to seconds with amnesia of event

38
Q

is blood flow hyper or hypo in temporal lobe epilepsy at site of seizure initiating tissue?

A

hyperperfusion

39
Q

what is risk with rx for seizures?

A

stephens johnson syndrome

40
Q

ethosuximide is only used for what seizure type?

A

absent seizures

41
Q

what is big time risk with felbamate in seizure rx?

A

liver failure

42
Q

valproate is highly associated with what child issue?

A

NTDs

43
Q

what is most commonly prescribed first line anti seizure med?

A

levetiracetam

44
Q

what are benzos used for in seizure rx?

A

status epilepticus

45
Q

what is carbamazepine commonly used for outside of anti seizure rx?

A

tigeminal neuralgia

46
Q

what is is valproic acid used for outside of anti seizure rx?

A

migraine

47
Q

what should you never give to preggo woman with seizures and migraines…

A

valproic acid

48
Q

what age group having seizures gets the phenobarb rx?

A

neonates

49
Q

what is another indication for gabapentin aside for antiseizure rx?

A

pain

50
Q

what is another indication for lamotrigine aside for antiseizure rx?

A

behavioral health

51
Q

what is risky SE of vigabatrin?

A

vision loss

52
Q

what is other SE aside from SIADH associated with carbamazepine?

A

diplopia/ataxia and liver issues

53
Q

what is another indication for pregabalin aside for antiseizure rx?

A

pain

Neuro Week 3 (13 decks)

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