Seizures

Question 1

syncope is related to what?

Answer 1

cerebral hypoperfusion

Question 2

what are three common causes of orthostatic syncope?

Answer 2

autonomic failure
volume depletion
medications

Question 3

what medications classically cause orthostatic syncope?

Answer 3

anti hypertensive and anti depressant

Question 4

what is an autonomic failure leading to orthostatic syncope?

Answer 4

spinal cord injury

Question 5

what is difference in generalized and focal onset seizures?

Answer 5

focal is a small set of neurons that are firing and generalized is like everything messing up

Question 6

which seizure type can you have awareness?

Answer 6

focal

Question 7

what must be gone in generalized seizures?

Answer 7

awareness

Question 8

what is most common cause of seizures in peds?

Answer 8

febrile seizures

Question 9

what is Rx for febrile seizures?

Answer 9

avoid fevers

Question 10

what is an absence seizure?

Answer 10

staring spell and then back to normal

Question 11

what is Rx for absence seizure?

Answer 11

ethosuximide

Question 12

what is EEG finding for absence seizure>

Answer 12

3Hz spike and wave

Question 13

is absence seizure considered focal or generalized?

Answer 13

generalized bc loss of consciousness..they cant remmber what happened in time of seizzure

Question 14

what are the five types of generalized seizures?

Answer 14

tonic
tonic-clonic
absence
myoclonic
atonic

Question 15

what is an atonic seizure?

Answer 15

drop seizure…drop to floor

Question 16

what is tonic seizure?

Answer 16

stiffening of muscles

Question 17

what is a tonic clonic seizure?

Answer 17

alternating stiffening and movement

Question 18

what is a myoclonic seizure?

Answer 18

quick and repetitive jerks

Question 19

what is an absent seizure?

Answer 19

blank stare then back to normal

Question 20

what are two types of partial seizures?

Answer 20

simple and complex partial

Question 21

which focal seizure has loss of cnsciousness?

Answer 21

complex partial

Question 22

what can complex partial seizure progress to?

Answer 22

tonic clonic secondary generalized seizure

Question 23

name the 5 common causes of child seizures

Answer 23

genetic, infection, congenital, metabolic, trauma

Question 24

what are the three common causes of adult seizures?

Answer 24

tumor trauma infection

Question 25

what are the 4 common causes of elderly seizures?

Answer 25

tumor trauma infection metabolic

Question 26

name the three childhood seizure syndromes to be aware of

Answer 26

infantile spasms lennox gastaout syndrome Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Question 27

what are infantile spasms associated with?

Answer 27

developmental regression..permanent

Question 28

what is Rx for infantile spasms?

Answer 28

ACTH, vigabatrin

Question 29

what is lennox gastaut syndrome associated with? when does it onset?

Answer 29

in first decade...developmental regression

Question 30

what is Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy associated with?

Answer 30

normal development

Question 31

when does juvenile myoclonid epilepsy onset?

Answer 31

adolescents

Question 32

what is Rx for Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

Answer 32

valproate or lamotrigine (preferred)

Question 33

what is a common lobe associated with an epilepsy syndrome?

Answer 33

temporal lobe epilepsy

Question 34

what type of seizures occur in temporal lobe epilepsy?

Answer 34

simple partial...with awareness or focal with impaired awareness (complex partial)

Question 35

where do seizures arise from in temporal lobe epilepsy?

Answer 35

amygdala/hippocampus

Question 36

what are symptoms of simple partial seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy?

Answer 36

transient sense of fear, unpleasant olfactory hallucinations

Question 37

what are symptoms of complex partial seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy?

Answer 37

staring/automatisms lasting for minutes to seconds with amnesia of event

Question 38

is blood flow hyper or hypo in temporal lobe epilepsy at site of seizure initiating tissue?

Answer 38

hyperperfusion

Question 39

what is risk with rx for seizures?

Answer 39

stephens johnson syndrome

Question 40

ethosuximide is only used for what seizure type?

Answer 40

absent seizures

Question 41

what is big time risk with felbamate in seizure rx?

Answer 41

liver failure

Question 42

valproate is highly associated with what child issue?

Answer 42

NTDs

Question 43

what is most commonly prescribed first line anti seizure med?

Answer 43

levetiracetam

Question 44

what are benzos used for in seizure rx?

Answer 44

status epilepticus

Question 45

what is carbamazepine commonly used for outside of anti seizure rx?

Answer 45

tigeminal neuralgia

Question 46

what is is valproic acid used for outside of anti seizure rx?

Answer 46

migraine

Question 47

what should you never give to preggo woman with seizures and migraines...

Answer 47

valproic acid

Question 48

what age group having seizures gets the phenobarb rx?

Answer 48

neonates

Question 49

what is another indication for gabapentin aside for antiseizure rx?

Answer 49

pain

Question 50

what is another indication for lamotrigine aside for antiseizure rx?

Answer 50

behavioral health

Question 51

what is risky SE of vigabatrin?

Answer 51

vision loss

Question 52

what is other SE aside from SIADH associated with carbamazepine?

Answer 52

diplopia/ataxia and liver issues

Question 53

what is another indication for pregabalin aside for antiseizure rx?

Answer 53

pain