Seizures Flashcards
syncope is related to what?
cerebral hypoperfusion
what are three common causes of orthostatic syncope?
autonomic failure
volume depletion
medications
what medications classically cause orthostatic syncope?
anti hypertensive and anti depressant
what is an autonomic failure leading to orthostatic syncope?
spinal cord injury
what is difference in generalized and focal onset seizures?
focal is a small set of neurons that are firing and generalized is like everything messing up
which seizure type can you have awareness?
focal
what must be gone in generalized seizures?
awareness
what is most common cause of seizures in peds?
febrile seizures
what is Rx for febrile seizures?
avoid fevers
what is an absence seizure?
staring spell and then back to normal
what is Rx for absence seizure?
ethosuximide
what is EEG finding for absence seizure>
3Hz spike and wave
is absence seizure considered focal or generalized?
generalized bc loss of consciousness..they cant remmber what happened in time of seizzure
what are the five types of generalized seizures?
tonic tonic-clonic absence myoclonic atonic
what is an atonic seizure?
drop seizure…drop to floor
what is tonic seizure?
stiffening of muscles
what is a tonic clonic seizure?
alternating stiffening and movement
what is a myoclonic seizure?
quick and repetitive jerks
what is an absent seizure?
blank stare then back to normal
what are two types of partial seizures?
simple and complex partial
which focal seizure has loss of cnsciousness?
complex partial
what can complex partial seizure progress to?
tonic clonic secondary generalized seizure
name the 5 common causes of child seizures
genetic, infection, congenital, metabolic, trauma
what are the three common causes of adult seizures?
tumor trauma infection
what are the 4 common causes of elderly seizures?
tumor trauma infection metabolic
name the three childhood seizure syndromes to be aware of
infantile spasms
lennox gastaout syndrome
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
what are infantile spasms associated with?
developmental regression..permanent
what is Rx for infantile spasms?
ACTH, vigabatrin
what is lennox gastaut syndrome associated with? when does it onset?
in first decade…developmental regression
what is Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy associated with?
normal development
when does juvenile myoclonid epilepsy onset?
adolescents
what is Rx for Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?
valproate or lamotrigine (preferred)
what is a common lobe associated with an epilepsy syndrome?
temporal lobe epilepsy
what type of seizures occur in temporal lobe epilepsy?
simple partial…with awareness
or
focal with impaired awareness (complex partial)
where do seizures arise from in temporal lobe epilepsy?
amygdala/hippocampus
what are symptoms of simple partial seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy?
transient sense of fear, unpleasant olfactory hallucinations
what are symptoms of complex partial seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy?
staring/automatisms lasting for minutes to seconds with amnesia of event
is blood flow hyper or hypo in temporal lobe epilepsy at site of seizure initiating tissue?
hyperperfusion
what is risk with rx for seizures?
stephens johnson syndrome
ethosuximide is only used for what seizure type?
absent seizures
what is big time risk with felbamate in seizure rx?
liver failure
valproate is highly associated with what child issue?
NTDs
what is most commonly prescribed first line anti seizure med?
levetiracetam
what are benzos used for in seizure rx?
status epilepticus
what is carbamazepine commonly used for outside of anti seizure rx?
tigeminal neuralgia
what is is valproic acid used for outside of anti seizure rx?
migraine
what should you never give to preggo woman with seizures and migraines…
valproic acid
what age group having seizures gets the phenobarb rx?
neonates
what is another indication for gabapentin aside for antiseizure rx?
pain
what is another indication for lamotrigine aside for antiseizure rx?
behavioral health
what is risky SE of vigabatrin?
vision loss
what is other SE aside from SIADH associated with carbamazepine?
diplopia/ataxia and liver issues
what is another indication for pregabalin aside for antiseizure rx?
pain
