Dementia Flashcards
what are four changes seen in delirium?
altered level of consciousness
illusions/hallucinations
disturbed sleep/wake cycle
aletered psychomotor activity
what are top culprits of elderly delirium?
meds
infection
metabolic disturbance
what it top culprit in young for delirium?
intoxification or withdrawal
what is pathology of delirium?
just something to do with release of cytokines in brain and altered Nts
what is mild cognitive impairment defined as?
a loss in memory
how many cognitive domains change in mild cognitive impairment?
only loss of memory
how many cognitive domains are affected by dementia?
multiple
what must dementia interfere with?
work or social life
in a neurodegenerative disorder, what must there by loss of?
neurons
what leads to the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders usually?
deposition of abnormal proteins in the brain
what are the three important proteins affiliated with neurodegenerative disorders
amyloid, tau and alpha synuclein
what are two common findings in alzheimers on patho?
plaques and tangles
what is most common form of neurodegnerative dementia?
alzheimers
what are alzheimers plaques filled with?
often have beta amyloid core
how does gross brain look in alzheimers?
atrophy of cortices widespread with thinning of gyri and widening of sulci
what are the tangles filled with in alzheimers?
tau protein
what is frontotemporal dementia?
dementia only affecting frontal and temporal portions
what is change seen in frontotemporal dementia?
marked personality changes like disinhibition, apathy, loss of insight and emotional control
what is old name fot frontotemporal dementia?
pick disease
what do you see on histo with frontotemporal dementia?
pick bodies
what are pick bodies?
seen in frontotemporal dementia…they are intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions of tau
what is second most common type of dementia?
dementia with lewy bodies
what are symptoms of lewy body dementia?
cognitive impairment with prominent psychotic features like hallucinations and sleep disorders
where are lewy bodies found in brain?
neocortex, limbic system and brainstem
what is another disorder that people with lewy body dementia may experience?
parkinsonism
what causes vascular dementia?
step wise decline in function related to multiple ischemic events
how is the decline of the patient in vascular dementia?
always step wise decline with later memory issues
what will you see on CT/MRI in vascular dementia?
multiple infarcts
what is triad of wernicke korsakoff syndrome?
confusion
ophthalmoplegia and
ataxic gait
what do you give for wernicke korsakoff syndrome?
thiamine and glucose
what does wernicke korsakoff syndrome always involve?
mammillary bodies
what is korsakoff syndrome?
anterograde and retrograde amnesia with confabulation
what causes CJD?
prion
what is a prion?
infectious nucleic acid
what do you see on EEG in CJD?
periodic sharp wave complexes
what are the three main symptoms of CJD?
dementia, myoclonus and ataxia
what does CJD stand for?
creutzfeld jakod disease
what happens to the cortex in CJD?
becomes spongiform
who gets normal pressure hydrocephalus?
elderly adults
what happens in normal pressure hydrocephalus?
idiopathic increase in CSF pressure episodically
is normal pressure hydrocephalus always high pressure?
no it is episodic
what happens to ventricles in normal pressure hydrocephalus?
they become dilated
what is triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
dementia
gait instabilility
urinary incontinence
what is gait like in normal pressure hydrocephalus?
magnetic gait
what is memory term to remember triad in normal pressure hydrocephalus?
wet wacky and wobbly
how to treat normal pressure hydrocephalus?
shunt or LP
what is deposited in CTE post mortum brain ?
tau deposition in neurons and astrocytes
