Dementia

Question 1

what are four changes seen in delirium?

Answer 1

altered level of consciousness
illusions/hallucinations
disturbed sleep/wake cycle
aletered psychomotor activity

Question 2

what are top culprits of elderly delirium?

Answer 2

meds
infection
metabolic disturbance

Question 3

what it top culprit in young for delirium?

Answer 3

intoxification or withdrawal

Question 4

what is pathology of delirium?

Answer 4

just something to do with release of cytokines in brain and altered Nts

Question 5

what is mild cognitive impairment defined as?

Answer 5

a loss in memory

Question 6

how many cognitive domains change in mild cognitive impairment?

Answer 6

only loss of memory

Question 7

how many cognitive domains are affected by dementia?

Answer 7

multiple

Question 8

what must dementia interfere with?

Answer 8

work or social life

Question 9

in a neurodegenerative disorder, what must there by loss of?

Answer 9

neurons

Question 10

what leads to the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders usually?

Answer 10

deposition of abnormal proteins in the brain

Question 11

what are the three important proteins affiliated with neurodegenerative disorders

Answer 11

amyloid, tau and alpha synuclein

Question 12

what are two common findings in alzheimers on patho?

Answer 12

plaques and tangles

Question 13

what is most common form of neurodegnerative dementia?

Answer 13

alzheimers

Question 14

what are alzheimers plaques filled with?

Answer 14

often have beta amyloid core

Question 15

how does gross brain look in alzheimers?

Answer 15

atrophy of cortices widespread with thinning of gyri and widening of sulci

Question 16

what are the tangles filled with in alzheimers?

Answer 16

tau protein

Question 17

what is frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 17

dementia only affecting frontal and temporal portions

Question 18

what is change seen in frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 18

marked personality changes like disinhibition, apathy, loss of insight and emotional control

Question 19

what is old name fot frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 19

pick disease

Question 20

what do you see on histo with frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 20

pick bodies

Question 21

what are pick bodies?

Answer 21

seen in frontotemporal dementia…they are intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions of tau

Question 22

what is second most common type of dementia?

Answer 22

dementia with lewy bodies

Question 23

what are symptoms of lewy body dementia?

Answer 23

cognitive impairment with prominent psychotic features like hallucinations and sleep disorders

Question 24

where are lewy bodies found in brain?

Answer 24

neocortex, limbic system and brainstem

Question 25

what is another disorder that people with lewy body dementia may experience?

Answer 25

parkinsonism

Question 26

what causes vascular dementia?

Answer 26

step wise decline in function related to multiple ischemic events

Question 27

how is the decline of the patient in vascular dementia?

Answer 27

always step wise decline with later memory issues

Question 28

what will you see on CT/MRI in vascular dementia?

Answer 28

multiple infarcts

Question 29

what is triad of wernicke korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 29

confusion ophthalmoplegia and ataxic gait

Question 30

what do you give for wernicke korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 30

thiamine and glucose

Question 31

what does wernicke korsakoff syndrome always involve?

Answer 31

mammillary bodies

Question 32

what is korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 32

anterograde and retrograde amnesia with confabulation

Question 33

what causes CJD?

Answer 33

prion

Question 34

what is a prion?

Answer 34

infectious nucleic acid

Question 35

what do you see on EEG in CJD?

Answer 35

periodic sharp wave complexes

Question 36

what are the three main symptoms of CJD?

Answer 36

dementia, myoclonus and ataxia

Question 37

what does CJD stand for?

Answer 37

creutzfeld jakod disease

Question 38

what happens to the cortex in CJD?

Answer 38

becomes spongiform

Question 39

who gets normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer 39

elderly adults

Question 40

what happens in normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer 40

idiopathic increase in CSF pressure episodically

Question 41

is normal pressure hydrocephalus always high pressure?

Answer 41

no it is episodic

Question 42

what happens to ventricles in normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer 42

they become dilated

Question 43

what is triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer 43

dementia gait instabilility urinary incontinence

Question 44

what is gait like in normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer 44

magnetic gait

Question 45

what is memory term to remember triad in normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer 45

wet wacky and wobbly

Question 46

how to treat normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer 46

shunt or LP

Question 47

what is deposited in CTE post mortum brain ?

Answer 47

tau deposition in neurons and astrocytes