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Neuro Week 3 > Dementia > Flashcards

Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

what are four changes seen in delirium?

A

altered level of consciousness
illusions/hallucinations
disturbed sleep/wake cycle
aletered psychomotor activity

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2
Q

what are top culprits of elderly delirium?

A

meds
infection
metabolic disturbance

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3
Q

what it top culprit in young for delirium?

A

intoxification or withdrawal

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4
Q

what is pathology of delirium?

A

just something to do with release of cytokines in brain and altered Nts

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5
Q

what is mild cognitive impairment defined as?

A

a loss in memory

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6
Q

how many cognitive domains change in mild cognitive impairment?

A

only loss of memory

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7
Q

how many cognitive domains are affected by dementia?

A

multiple

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8
Q

what must dementia interfere with?

A

work or social life

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9
Q

in a neurodegenerative disorder, what must there by loss of?

A

neurons

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10
Q

what leads to the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders usually?

A

deposition of abnormal proteins in the brain

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11
Q

what are the three important proteins affiliated with neurodegenerative disorders

A

amyloid, tau and alpha synuclein

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12
Q

what are two common findings in alzheimers on patho?

A

plaques and tangles

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13
Q

what is most common form of neurodegnerative dementia?

A

alzheimers

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14
Q

what are alzheimers plaques filled with?

A

often have beta amyloid core

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15
Q

how does gross brain look in alzheimers?

A

atrophy of cortices widespread with thinning of gyri and widening of sulci

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16
Q

what are the tangles filled with in alzheimers?

A

tau protein

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17
Q

what is frontotemporal dementia?

A

dementia only affecting frontal and temporal portions

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18
Q

what is change seen in frontotemporal dementia?

A

marked personality changes like disinhibition, apathy, loss of insight and emotional control

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19
Q

what is old name fot frontotemporal dementia?

A

pick disease

20
Q

what do you see on histo with frontotemporal dementia?

A

pick bodies

21
Q

what are pick bodies?

A

seen in frontotemporal dementia…they are intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions of tau

22
Q

what is second most common type of dementia?

A

dementia with lewy bodies

23
Q

what are symptoms of lewy body dementia?

A

cognitive impairment with prominent psychotic features like hallucinations and sleep disorders

24
Q

where are lewy bodies found in brain?

A

neocortex, limbic system and brainstem

25
Q

what is another disorder that people with lewy body dementia may experience?

A

parkinsonism

26
Q

what causes vascular dementia?

A

step wise decline in function related to multiple ischemic events

27
Q

how is the decline of the patient in vascular dementia?

A

always step wise decline with later memory issues

28
Q

what will you see on CT/MRI in vascular dementia?

A

multiple infarcts

29
Q

what is triad of wernicke korsakoff syndrome?

A

confusion
ophthalmoplegia and
ataxic gait

30
Q

what do you give for wernicke korsakoff syndrome?

A

thiamine and glucose

31
Q

what does wernicke korsakoff syndrome always involve?

A

mammillary bodies

32
Q

what is korsakoff syndrome?

A

anterograde and retrograde amnesia with confabulation

33
Q

what causes CJD?

A

prion

34
Q

what is a prion?

A

infectious nucleic acid

35
Q

what do you see on EEG in CJD?

A

periodic sharp wave complexes

36
Q

what are the three main symptoms of CJD?

A

dementia, myoclonus and ataxia

37
Q

what does CJD stand for?

A

creutzfeld jakod disease

38
Q

what happens to the cortex in CJD?

A

becomes spongiform

39
Q

who gets normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

elderly adults

40
Q

what happens in normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

idiopathic increase in CSF pressure episodically

41
Q

is normal pressure hydrocephalus always high pressure?

A

no it is episodic

42
Q

what happens to ventricles in normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

they become dilated

43
Q

what is triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

dementia
gait instabilility
urinary incontinence

44
Q

what is gait like in normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

magnetic gait

45
Q

what is memory term to remember triad in normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

wet wacky and wobbly

46
Q

how to treat normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

shunt or LP

47
Q

what is deposited in CTE post mortum brain ?

A

tau deposition in neurons and astrocytes

Neuro Week 3 (13 decks)

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