Visual communication Flashcards
What are factors that contribute to speech reading?
the speaker, signal code, environment, speech reader, co-articulation
What can the speaker do to help people read their lips when they speak?
do not exaggerate their articulation; speaking slowly; not covering their face; facing the person or at most at a 45 degree angle; familiarity; non-verbal cues that are consistent with their message
What can a speaker not do to help people read their lips when they speak?
chew, yawn, smoke, or hold their hand over their mouth while they speak
In speech, vowels are _____ and consonants are ____
resonated; articulated
What are visemes?
basic unit of speech that can be seen
How many consonants viseme groups are there?
4-9
What percentage of words are not distinguishable visually?
50%
How many vowel viseme groups are there?
4-5 viseme groups
How are vowel visemes distinguished?
by mouth shape and movement; differences are subtle
What are homophonous words?
words that sound and look the same, but are spelled differently (e.g., piece and peace)
The ideal distance a speaker should be from the speech reader is ____
5 to 10 ft
Why are some consonants hard to distinguish visually?
They share the same place of articulation, but differ in manner and/or voicing
What helps a person understand a signal code?
context, words, sentences, topics, and redundancy
Under ideal conditions, what percentage of speech is visible?
33%
Under everyday conditions, what percentage of speech is visible?
17%
What situational cues help someone speech read?
topics relevant to the situation
Those with ____ HL will rely _____ on visual cues than people with mild HL
severe or profound; more
What is visual closure?
using context clues to fill in information
What type of speech reading is taught in the traditional and recent approaches?
analytic and synthetic
What is an analytic approach to speech reading?
focuses on details found in speech; e.g. identifying phonemes and syllables; how different phonemes look on the lips
What is a synthetic approach to speech reading?
grasp the general thought of the speaker and perceiving meaning is the most important part; e.g., working at phrase, sentence, and discourse level. Requires filling in info and visual closure.
What are factors of the speech reader that influence visual communication?
Whether they have residual hearing, their age, motivation levels, their visual acuity/visual processing speed/perception, gender (Females better than males at speech reading)
This type of assessment is not used as much as auditory tests; also, no testing battery exists and and there are no tests that are adequately validated.
speechreading ability tests
Speechreading abilities can also be assessed informally via _____
visual-only and auditory-verbal speech tracking
For speech reading, there is less emphasis on long term instruction. True or False
True
Tips for speech reading include:
Be close to the person who you are speaking to; watch the speaker’s mouth and facial expressions; know the topic of convo and contextual cues; minimize background noise and maximize hearing; let talker know you have a hearing loss and that they should face you as much as possible.
