Visual communication

Question 1

What are factors that contribute to speech reading?

Answer 1

the speaker, signal code, environment, speech reader, co-articulation

Question 2

What can the speaker do to help people read their lips when they speak?

Answer 2

do not exaggerate their articulation; speaking slowly; not covering their face; facing the person or at most at a 45 degree angle; familiarity; non-verbal cues that are consistent with their message

Question 3

What can a speaker not do to help people read their lips when they speak?

Answer 3

chew, yawn, smoke, or hold their hand over their mouth while they speak

Question 4

In speech, vowels are _____ and consonants are ____

Answer 4

resonated; articulated

Question 5

What are visemes?

Answer 5

basic unit of speech that can be seen

Question 6

How many consonants viseme groups are there?

Answer 6

4-9

Question 7

What percentage of words are not distinguishable visually?

Answer 7

50%

Question 8

How many vowel viseme groups are there?

Answer 8

4-5 viseme groups

Question 9

How are vowel visemes distinguished?

Answer 9

by mouth shape and movement; differences are subtle

Question 10

What are homophonous words?

Answer 10

words that sound and look the same, but are spelled differently (e.g., piece and peace)

Question 11

The ideal distance a speaker should be from the speech reader is ____

Answer 11

5 to 10 ft

Question 12

Why are some consonants hard to distinguish visually?

Answer 12

They share the same place of articulation, but differ in manner and/or voicing

Question 13

What helps a person understand a signal code?

Answer 13

context, words, sentences, topics, and redundancy

Question 14

Under ideal conditions, what percentage of speech is visible?

Answer 14

33%

Question 15

Under everyday conditions, what percentage of speech is visible?

Answer 15

17%

Question 16

What situational cues help someone speech read?

Answer 16

topics relevant to the situation

Question 17

Those with ____ HL will rely _____ on visual cues than people with mild HL

Answer 17

severe or profound; more

Question 18

What is visual closure?

Answer 18

using context clues to fill in information

Question 19

What type of speech reading is taught in the traditional and recent approaches?

Answer 19

analytic and synthetic

Question 20

What is an analytic approach to speech reading?

Answer 20

focuses on details found in speech; e.g. identifying phonemes and syllables; how different phonemes look on the lips

Question 21

What is a synthetic approach to speech reading?

Answer 21

grasp the general thought of the speaker and perceiving meaning is the most important part; e.g., working at phrase, sentence, and discourse level. Requires filling in info and visual closure.

Question 22

What are factors of the speech reader that influence visual communication?

Answer 22

Whether they have residual hearing, their age, motivation levels, their visual acuity/visual processing speed/perception, gender (Females better than males at speech reading)

Question 23

This type of assessment is not used as much as auditory tests; also, no testing battery exists and and there are no tests that are adequately validated.

Answer 23

speechreading ability tests

Question 24

Speechreading abilities can also be assessed informally via _____

Answer 24

visual-only and auditory-verbal speech tracking

Question 25

For speech reading, there is less emphasis on long term instruction. True or False

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Tips for speech reading include:

Answer 26

Be close to the person who you are speaking to; watch the speaker’s mouth and facial expressions; know the topic of convo and contextual cues; minimize background noise and maximize hearing; let talker know you have a hearing loss and that they should face you as much as possible.