Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology-Week 3 > Visual & Auditory Systems > Flashcards

Visual & Auditory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the spectrum of visible light

A

400-700 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

High acuity vision is possible due to the __________, a tiny part of the retina

A

Fovea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Photoreceptors (Rods) can detect ______ photon of light

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Light sensitive receptor protein contained within the outer segment of a rod photoreceptor

A

Rhodopsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Activated rhodopsin, once it binds a photon of light, initiates a cascade of biochemical reactions that is a (fast/slow) process; why it takes time to adapt to darkness

A

Slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type of photoreceptor; “moonlight/night vision” receptors; only in peripheral retina, mediate LOW acuity vision; responds to a SINGLE photon

A

Rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type of photoreceptor; “daylight” receptors; mainly in fovea; mediate HIGH acuity vision; provides color vision (3 types); requires MANY photons

A

Cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The Optic Disc at the back of the eye is (dark/light) in appearance

A

Light (also can see lots of arteries radiating from it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Fovea at the back of the eye is (dark/light) in appearance

A

Dark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Swollen appearance of the Optic Disc seen on fundoscopic exam; usually due to increased ICP because of a mass (like a brain tumor); visual acuity is NOT affected, although blind spot may be enlarged

A

Papilledema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Papilledema will result in a decreased visual acuity (True or False)

A

False; visual acuity is NOT affected, but blind spot may be enlarged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The (left/right) visual field maps to the right hemisphere

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The (left/right) visual field maps to the left hemisphere

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Visual pathways will synapse in what portion of the Thalamus

A

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The medial side of the left retina will eventually have it’s signal sent to the (left/right) hemisphere

A

Right hemisphere (crosses at Optic Chiasm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The lateral side of the left retina will eventually have it’s signal sent to the (left/right) hemisphere

A

left hemisphere (doesn’t cross at Optic Chiasm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Upper occipital gyrus that receives signals from your LOWER visual field

A

Cuneus

*flips on it’s way to the Occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lower occipital gyrus that receives signals from your UPPER visual field

A

Lingula

*flips on it’s way to the Occipital lobe

19
Q

Number of cycles per second

A

Frequency/pitch

20
Q

In regards to frequency, the higher the frequency means (shorter/longer) wavelengths

A

Shorter wavelengths

21
Q

Range of frequencies that a human can hear

A

20-20,000 Hz

22
Q

Function of the Outer Ear

A

Collection of sound waves to the tympanic membrane

*aided by the shape of the pinna

23
Q

Function of the Middle Ear

A

Transfer and AMPLIFY the vibratory movements of the tympanic membrane via 3 ossicles arranged in series

24
Q

Function of the Inner Ear

A

Contains the Cochlea to tranduce sound energy to neural energy

25
Q

The Eustachian tube is continuous with which portion of the ear

A

Middle Ear

26
Q

Pattern of the Middle Ear Bones (ossicles)

A

Malleus (“hammer”)–> Incus–> Stapes (“stirrup”)

27
Q

The Middle Ear Bones transmit physical energy to the (oval/round) window of the Cochlea

A

Oval window

28
Q

Specialized polarized epithelial cells modified as hearing receptors in Cochlea; has hair-like bundles composed of stereocilia; part of the Organ of Corti

A

Hair cells

29
Q

Mechanism lying on the basilar membrane of the Cochlea membranes; contains hair cells and a tectorial membrane essential for sound detection and transduction into neural signals

A

Organ of Corti

30
Q

Which middle ear ossicle presses against the Oval window

A

Stapes

31
Q

Stereocilia (part of Hair Cells) are bathed in ________________ which is high in Potassium (K+)

A

Endolymph

32
Q

When sterocilia bend (toward/away from) the Kinocilium, what two ions enter the cell

A

Toward; K+ and Ca++

33
Q

The narrow end of the Cochlea membrane vibrates in response to (high/low) frequency

A

High

*near the oval window at the beginning

34
Q

The wide end of the Cochlea vibrates in response to (high/low) frequency

A

Low

*furthest away from oval window

35
Q

From the ear, CN 8 axons synapse in the medulla at the

A

cochlear nuclei

36
Q

Auditory pathway becomes bilateral after what point?

A

Synapse in cochlear nuclei in the medulla

37
Q

Auditory information from the Cochlea synapses at what nucleus in the Thalamus

A

Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN)

38
Q

The Primary Auditory Cortex is on what part of the Temporal lobe

A

Medial face of Lateral fissure

39
Q

How is the primary auditory cortex organized in the temporal lobe?

A

tonotopically organized

  • Basilar membrane of cochlear is tonotopically organized as well.
40
Q

What frequency goes first in acquire deafness?

A

high frequency (like in unvoiced consonants = f, p, s, t)

41
Q

What medications can cause acquired deafness?

A

aminoglycoside antibiotics (-mycin)

  • gentamycin, streptomycin, neomycin
42
Q

What is aging-related progressive sensorineural hearing loss?

A

presbycusis

43
Q

In presbycusis, what frequency is affected first and why?

A

high-frequency (consonants); the functioning of the hair cells in the BASE of basilar membrane is lost first.

Neurology-Week 3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions