Auditory System Diseases Flashcards
(Conductive/Sensorineural) hearing loss is due to the impairment of sound either in the external or middle ear
Conductive
(Conductive/Sensorineural) hearing loss is due to an impairment of encoding sound in the cochlea and/or transmission via the cochlear nerve
Sensorineural
Abnormal skin growth in the middle ear behind the eardrum; misnomer b/c it is KERATIN and CYSTIC in nature (not cholesterol)
Cholesteatoma
Metabolic disorder of uncertain cause, leads to fixation of stapes –> do not transmit sound as well –>slowly progressive HL
- usually exacerbated by PREGNANCY, trauma, or viral infection; AD inheritance
Otosclerosis
Clinical signs/symptoms of Otosclerosis
- TM is NORMAL in appearance
- Schwartzes sign may be present
- Carhart Notch on audiogram
Brain tumor; located at skull base; typically sporadic, BENIGN and slow growing; presents with asymmetric hearing loss/tinnitus; can be due to Neurofibromatosis 2 (if so, bilateral hearing loss)
Vestibular Schwannoma
TM perforation
Otosclerosis
Otitis Media
Cholesteatoma
are the causes of ________ HL
conductive (MIDDLE ear)
Sudden SNHL Presbycusis (natural aging) Meniere's (fluid overload) Vestibular Schwannoma Meningioma
are the causes of ______ HL
Sensorineural (Inner ear and Internal Auditory Canal)
(Conductive/Sensorineural) hearing loss has a gap between bone and air conduction on Audiometry
Conductive
(Conductive/Sensorineural) hearing loss has no gap between bone and air conduction on Audiometry
Sensorineural
Type of Sensorineural hearing loss; age-related, insidious and symmetric; lose HIGH frequency first
Presbycusis
Weber to _________ indicates either no hearing loss or symmetric hearing loss
midline
Weber to _________ indicates either left conductive hearing loss or right sensorineural hearing loss
left
Weber to _________ indicates either right conductive hearing loss or left sensorineural hearing loss
right
Rinne test on _______ ear is performed to confirm RIGHT sensorineural hearing loss
right
BC/AC is great than BC/AC in conductive hearing loss
BC > AC
What audiometric testing is used to test the function of outer hair cells and can be used for newborn infant hearing screen? It is measured through probe in EAM
Otoacoustic emissions
What audiometric testing is used to test EEG after acoustic stimulation and can be used for newborn infant hearing screen and vestibular schwannoma screen?
ABR
What audiometric testing is used to measure compliance of the TM?
Tympanometry
It it Type ___ or normal in tympanometry when EAC and middle ear pressure is similar.
A (normal compliance)
It is Type ____ or flat in tympanometry possibly indicating fluid or perforation in middle ear.
B (flat)
It is Type ____ or negative in tympanometry indicating eustachian tube dysfunction.
C (negative pressure)
20-30 dB loss of bone conduction at 2000 Hz due to fixation of stapes disrupting normal ossicular resonance; highly characteristic of ostosclerosis
Carhart notch
Inflammatory process of the middle ear space and mastoid air cell system
Otits media
Type of otitis media; intact TM
OME (otitis media w/effusion)
Type of otitis media; ear canal discharge
Suppurative OM
Two major pathologic causes of OM
- Primary infection/inflammation (nasopharyngeal origin)
2. ETD
Children are more prone to ETD from nasopharyngeal origin (therefore more OM infections) b/c of what characteristic differences in their ET?
They have shorter and more horizontal (affects ventilation and clearance fx) ET
What are the most common pathogens of acute otitis media?
- S. pneumoniae
2. H. influenzae (H. flu)
What are the two main causes of CSOM (chronic Suppurative OM)?
- CSOM w/o cholesteatoma –> has TM perforation
2. CSOM w/ cholesteatoma –> no TM perforation
Condition in which a part of the eardrum lies deeper within the ear than its normal position; Tympanic membrane retraction and complete adhesion to medial wall (promontory); caused by longstanding ETD
Atelectasis
Sensorinueral HL with onset over < 3 days and > 30 dB hearing loss; can be caused by vestibular schwannoma
Sudden Sensorinueral HL
Sudden SHL is unilateral/bilateral & fast/insidious whereas presbycusis is unilateral/bilateral & fast/insidious.
unilateral & fast
bilateral & insidious (slow)
Hereditary sensorineural HL is mostly what type of inheritance?
AR
What is the most common cause of congenital sensorineural HL ?
Connexin 26 mutations
a protein found in the gap junction beta 2 (GJB2) gene. This protein is needed to allow cells to communicate with each other. Mutations in this protein can cause the potassium levels in the inner ear become too high and damage hearing.
Connexin 26
