Auditory System Diseases

Question 1

(Conductive/Sensorineural) hearing loss is due to the impairment of sound either in the external or middle ear

Answer 1

Conductive

Question 2

(Conductive/Sensorineural) hearing loss is due to an impairment of encoding sound in the cochlea and/or transmission via the cochlear nerve

Answer 2

Sensorineural

Question 3

Abnormal skin growth in the middle ear behind the eardrum; misnomer b/c it is KERATIN and CYSTIC in nature (not cholesterol)

Answer 3

Cholesteatoma

Question 4

Metabolic disorder of uncertain cause, leads to fixation of stapes –> do not transmit sound as well –>slowly progressive HL

• usually exacerbated by PREGNANCY, trauma, or viral infection; AD inheritance

Answer 4

Otosclerosis

Question 5

Clinical signs/symptoms of Otosclerosis

Answer 5

• TM is NORMAL in appearance
• Schwartzes sign may be present
• Carhart Notch on audiogram

Question 6

Brain tumor; located at skull base; typically sporadic, BENIGN and slow growing; presents with asymmetric hearing loss/tinnitus; can be due to Neurofibromatosis 2 (if so, bilateral hearing loss)

Answer 6

Vestibular Schwannoma

Question 7

TM perforation
Otosclerosis
Otitis Media
Cholesteatoma

are the causes of ________ HL

Answer 7

conductive (MIDDLE ear)

Question 8

Sudden SNHL
Presbycusis (natural aging)
Meniere's (fluid overload)
Vestibular Schwannoma
Meningioma

are the causes of ______ HL

Answer 8

Sensorineural (Inner ear and Internal Auditory Canal)

Question 9

(Conductive/Sensorineural) hearing loss has a gap between bone and air conduction on Audiometry

Answer 9

Conductive

Question 10

(Conductive/Sensorineural) hearing loss has no gap between bone and air conduction on Audiometry

Answer 10

Sensorineural

Question 11

Type of Sensorineural hearing loss; age-related, insidious and symmetric; lose HIGH frequency first

Answer 11

Presbycusis

Question 12

Weber to _________ indicates either no hearing loss or symmetric hearing loss

Answer 12

midline

Question 13

Weber to _________ indicates either left conductive hearing loss or right sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 13

left

Question 14

Weber to _________ indicates either right conductive hearing loss or left sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 14

right

Question 15

Rinne test on _______ ear is performed to confirm RIGHT sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 15

right

Question 16

BC/AC is great than BC/AC in conductive hearing loss

Answer 16

BC > AC

Question 17

What audiometric testing is used to test the function of outer hair cells and can be used for newborn infant hearing screen? It is measured through probe in EAM

Answer 17

Otoacoustic emissions

Question 18

What audiometric testing is used to test EEG after acoustic stimulation and can be used for newborn infant hearing screen and vestibular schwannoma screen?

Answer 18

ABR

Question 19

What audiometric testing is used to measure compliance of the TM?

Answer 19

Tympanometry

Question 20

It it Type ___ or normal in tympanometry when EAC and middle ear pressure is similar.

Answer 20

A (normal compliance)

Question 21

It is Type ____ or flat in tympanometry possibly indicating fluid or perforation in middle ear.

Answer 21

B (flat)

Question 22

It is Type ____ or negative in tympanometry indicating eustachian tube dysfunction.

Answer 22

C (negative pressure)

Question 23

20-30 dB loss of bone conduction at 2000 Hz due to fixation of stapes disrupting normal ossicular resonance; highly characteristic of ostosclerosis

Answer 23

Carhart notch

Question 24

Inflammatory process of the middle ear space and mastoid air cell system

Answer 24

Otits media

Question 25

Type of otitis media; intact TM

Answer 25

OME (otitis media w/effusion)

Question 26

Type of otitis media; ear canal discharge

Answer 26

Suppurative OM

Question 27

Two major pathologic causes of OM

Answer 27

1. Primary infection/inflammation (nasopharyngeal origin)

2. ETD

Question 28

Children are more prone to ETD from nasopharyngeal origin (therefore more OM infections) b/c of what characteristic differences in their ET?

Answer 28

They have shorter and more horizontal (affects ventilation and clearance fx) ET

Question 29

What are the most common pathogens of acute otitis media?

Answer 29

1. S. pneumoniae

2. H. influenzae (H. flu)

Question 30

What are the two main causes of CSOM (chronic Suppurative OM)?

Answer 30

1. CSOM w/o cholesteatoma –> has TM perforation

2. CSOM w/ cholesteatoma –> no TM perforation

Question 31

Condition in which a part of the eardrum lies deeper within the ear than its normal position; Tympanic membrane retraction and complete adhesion to medial wall (promontory); caused by longstanding ETD

Answer 31

Atelectasis

Question 32

Sensorinueral HL with onset over < 3 days and > 30 dB hearing loss; can be caused by vestibular schwannoma

Answer 32

Sudden Sensorinueral HL

Question 33

Sudden SHL is unilateral/bilateral & fast/insidious whereas presbycusis is unilateral/bilateral & fast/insidious.

Answer 33

unilateral & fast

bilateral & insidious (slow)

Question 34

Hereditary sensorineural HL is mostly what type of inheritance?

Answer 34

AR

Question 35

What is the most common cause of congenital sensorineural HL ?

Answer 35

Connexin 26 mutations

Question 36

a protein found in the gap junction beta 2 (GJB2) gene. This protein is needed to allow cells to communicate with each other. Mutations in this protein can cause the potassium levels in the inner ear become too high and damage hearing.

Answer 36

Connexin 26