Nervous System Tumors Flashcards
the suffix “-oma” when used with neoplasms means what?
“benign”
*in the nervous system, this rule does not hold true; refers to both malignant and benign
the suffix “-blast” when used with neoplasms means what?
Embryonic/Undifferentiated cells
Adult brain neoplasms often arise in the (supra/infra)tentorium
Supratentorium
Childhood brain neoplasms often arise in the (supra/infra)tentorium
Infratentorium (below the tentorium) (usually involve the Cerebellum)
Best Diagnostic imaging modality for Brain Neoplasms is…
MRI
Pediatric brain neoplasm; located in the CEREBELLUM; AGGRESSIVE solid mass that enhances with contrast; well circumscribed (NOT DIFFUSE); primitive, embryonal, small round blue cells; can see “Homer-Wright” rosettes
Medulloblastoma
Which brain neoplasm presents with “Homer-Wright” rosettes on histology?
Medulloblastoma (pediatric tumor)
Pediatric brain neoplasm; located in either Cerebellum, Hypothalamus or Optic nerve; BENIGN, CYSTIC, solid mass that enhances with contrast; well circumscribed (NOT DIFFUSE); shows astrocytic differentiation, Rosenthal fibers and Eosinophilic Granular Bodies on histology
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
*blue is astrocytes, yellow Rosenthal and green is Granular bodies
Which brain neoplasm presents with “Rosenthal” fibers and Eosinophilic Granular Bodies on histology
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Pediatric brain neoplasm; located in either Cerebellum or Spinal Cord; SOLID, well circumscribed (NOT diffuse); shows Perivascular and Ependymal Rosettes on histology
Ependymomas
Pediatric brain neoplasm; mimics an adult brain cancer, but genetically distinct; usually in Pons; generally HIGH grade (Who grade III-IV)
Diffuse Gliomas
Adult brain neoplasm; WHO grade II Astrocytoma; IDH 1/2 mutations but NO 1p/19q codeletions
Diffuse Astrocytoma
Adult brain neoplasm; AGGRESSIVE WHO grade III astrocytoma; increased mitotic activity than WHO grade II; IDH 1/2 mutations but NO 1p/19q codeletions
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
Adult brain neoplasm; AGGRESSIVE WHO grade IV astrocytoma; infiltrative mass with enhancing ring; MICROVASCULAR proliferation; mutations in EGFR, PTEN or NF1
Glioblastoma
Adult brain neoplasm; WHO grace II or III oligodendrocytes glioma; IDH 1/2 mutations with 1p/19q codeletions
Oligodendrogliomas
BENIGN adult brain neoplasm; T1 HYPOINTENSE; histology shows cellular WHORLS and Psammoma bodies (calcifications)
Meningioma
MOST common BRAIN tumor; usually multiple than single; tumors of lungs, breast, kidney, and skin are commonly metastasized to the brain
Metastases
PNS neoplasm; signs can be Cafe-au-lait spots, dermal neurofibromas and Iris hamartomas (Lisch nodules)
Neurofibroma in NF1 (WHO grade I)
PNS neoplasm; composed of Schwann cells; verocay bodies on histology
Schwannoma
Which tumor metastasizes to the brain MOST often: Lung, Breast, Kidney or Melanoma
Melanoma
What is the most common destination of brain metastases: Lung, Breast, Kidney or Skin
Lung
