Visual, Auditory, and Vestibular Systems

Question 1

smallest row of #s/letters a pt can accurately read

Answer 1

visual acuity

Question 2

visual acuity is a function of

Answer 2

central vision of macula

Question 3

macular functions

Answer 3

central vision (visual acuity) and color vision

Question 4

visual acuity is recorded as

Answer 4

fractional # which compares pt’s vision w/ nl population

Question 5

impaired near vision

Answer 5

presbyopia

Question 6

if acuity improves when looking thru a pinhole, it suggests the problem is

Answer 6

ocular

Question 7

impaired acuity that doesn’t improve when looking thru pinhole or using corrective lenses

Answer 7

lesion of optic nerve or macula

Question 8

quantitative method of visual field testing using flashing dots on computer

Answer 8

perimetry

Question 9

physiological blind spot

Answer 9

in temporal visual field of each eye since optic disk in nasal retina doesn’t have rods or cones

Question 10

enlarged blind spot seen with

Answer 10

papilledema b/c optic nerve swells

Question 11

pathological abnormal blind spots elsewhere in visual field of one eye

Answer 11

scotomas

Question 12

cause of scotoma

Answer 12

lesion in retina or optic nerve

Question 13

cause of narrowed or small visual fields

Answer 13

glaucoma or retinal degenerative disease

Question 14

visual field shape in relation to distance from patient

Answer 14

cone shaped, enlarge with distance

Question 15

same narrow breadth of visual fields even with distance from patient

Answer 15

tunnel vision, is a psych issue

Question 16

homonymous hemianopsia via lesions where

Answer 16

contra optic tract, optic radiations, or occipital lobe

Question 17

congruent visual field defects seen more when lesion is

Answer 17

posterior (occipital lobe or radiations)

Question 18

heteronymous hemianopsia via lesions where

Answer 18

optic chiasm

Question 19

optic nerve lesions give

Answer 19

scotomas or monocular blindness

Question 20

sudden blindness in part of/whole eye, which is achy/tender with movement

Answer 20

optic neuritis

Question 21

optic neuritis fundoscopic exam

Answer 21

optic disc is swollen w/ indistinct blurry margins

Question 22

retrobulbar neuritis

Answer 22

optic neuritis where inflamm is deeper so optic disc looks normal

Question 23

optic disc looks white/pale with sharply defined edges

Answer 23

optic atrophy - there’s been loss of ganglion cell axons

Question 24

tumor arising from sella turcica that affects optic chiasm

Answer 24

pituitary tumor

Question 25

meyer’s loop

Answer 25

inferior optic radiations

Question 26

severe visual loss from bilateral occipital lobe lesions

Answer 26

cortical blindness (pupillary light reflex is intact and fundoscopy is nl)

Question 27

cause of cortical blindness

Answer 27

stroke from thrombosis of distal basilar a. or emboli down it’s PCA branches

Question 28

conductive deafness via

Answer 28

water or wax plugging up ear canal or fusion/disruption of bony ossicles

Question 29

problem “before” the hair cell receptors

Answer 29

conductive deafness

Question 30

sensorineural deafness is

Answer 30

damage/impairement of hair cell receptors or auditory nerve

Question 31

sensorineural deafness via

Answer 31

drug toxicitiy or persistent exposure to loud noise

Question 32

low tone hearing loss seen with

Answer 32

conductive deafness

Question 33

high tone hearing loss seen with

Answer 33

sensorineural deafness

Question 34

unilateral nerve deafness due to

Answer 34

CN8

Question 35

weber test to nl ear with

Answer 35

sensorineural deafness

Question 36

weber test to deaf ear with

Answer 36

conductive deafness

Question 37

rinne test with bone > air

Answer 37

conductive deafness

Question 38

records eye movements and nystagmus

Answer 38

ENG (electronystagmogram)

Question 39

position for dix-hallpike maneuver selectively tests

Answer 39

posterior semicircuclar canal within tilted/lowered ear

Question 40

viral infection/inflamm causing severe vertigo w/ N/V, unilateral dec hearing, and unsteady gait

Answer 40

acute labyrinthitis

Question 41

recurrent vertigo, deafness, and tinnitus

Answer 41

Meniere’s dz

Question 42

cause of Meniere’s dz

Answer 42

K+ rich endolymph leaks into perilymph and disrupts ionic gradient

Question 43

Tx for Meniere’s

Answer 43

dietary salt restriction, diuretics

Question 44

tx for acute labyrinthitis and meniere’s

Answer 44

benzos, antiemetics, antihistamine

Question 45

degeneration of otoliths and displaced Ca crystals that lodge around cilia or hair cells

Answer 45

benign positional vertigo

Question 46

if diplopia improves when you cover either eye (binocular diplopia), think

Answer 46

cranial nerves or extraocular muscles

Question 47

if diplopia improves when you cover one specific eye (monocular diplopia), think

Answer 47

retina or lens issue

Question 48

MLF lesion gives nystamus in what direction

Answer 48

opposite

Question 49

pupils constrict to accommodation but not light

Answer 49

Argyll Robertson pupil of neurosyphilis or dorsal midbrain/Parinaud’s syndrome (pineal tumor)