Sleep Disorders Flashcards
drowsiness and early EEG slowing in which stage(s)
Stage 1 of sleep
easily aroused, sleep spindles on EEG in which stage(s)
Stage 2 of sleep
slowest EEG activity in which stage(s)
Stage 3 and 4
first REM period seen after how long
90 min of sleep
earlier sleep has more of which stage(s)
stages 3 and 4
later sleep has longer
REM periods
maximal limb hypotonia with subtle twitches, irregular pulse/breathing, horizontal rapid conjugate eye movements
REM sleep
stage w/ recallable dreams
REM sleep
REM sleep is important for
reinforcing memory traces
drugs that suppress REM
barbiturates
sleep deprivations affect REM how
earlier onset
% of REM sleep with age
younger has more REM sleep (50% in infants to 20% in adults)
% of Stage 1/2 sleep with age
increases
slow wave sleep during which stage(s)
stage 3/4
sleep that dec w age
REM and Stage 3/4
brain region for arousal/wakefulness
ARAS (ascending reticular activating system)
ARAS lesion gives
somnolence or coma
region that activates brainstem gaze centers for rapid conjugate eye movements in REM
pontine REM center
REM and NREM sleep are promoted by which area?
preoptic area of the ventrolateral hypothalamus
biological clock
suprachiasmatic nuc in hypothalamus
how to dx OSA
sleep study, EEG, EKG, oximetry, resp monitoring, video
tx for OSA
weight loss, surgery, pressurized O2 masks
absence of diaphragmatic or respiratory effort to breathe
central sleep apnea
REM sleep at inappropriate times is called
narcolepsy
neurotransmitter deficiency for narcolepsy
orexin/hypocretin
abrupt, often multiple, intrusions of sleep during daytime activities
narcoleptic attacks
periodic loss of muscle tone
cataplexy
REM hypotonia prevents patient from getting out of bed/waking up
sleep paralysis
narcoleptics have what type of hallucinations
hypnagogic when going to sleep and hypnapompic when popping out of bed
there’s abnormally early onset of ___ in narcoleptics
REM
dx for narcolepsy
multiple sleep latency tests
meds for narcolepsy
methylphenidate, modafinil
modafinil used for
narcolepsy and daytime somnolence of sleep apnea
meds to dec cataplexy
TCAs
disorder of stage 4 sleep
sleep walking/somnambulism
sleep walking aka
somnambulism
night terrors seen during which stage of sleep
stage 4
older male patients lack normal REM hypotonia and act out their dreams
REM behavior disorder
REM behavior disorder precedes onset of
Parkinson’s or Lewy body dementia
