Sleep Disorders

Question 1

drowsiness and early EEG slowing in which stage(s)

Answer 1

Stage 1 of sleep

Question 2

easily aroused, sleep spindles on EEG in which stage(s)

Answer 2

Stage 2 of sleep

Question 3

slowest EEG activity in which stage(s)

Answer 3

Stage 3 and 4

Question 4

first REM period seen after how long

Answer 4

90 min of sleep

Question 5

earlier sleep has more of which stage(s)

Answer 5

stages 3 and 4

Question 6

later sleep has longer

Answer 6

REM periods

Question 7

maximal limb hypotonia with subtle twitches, irregular pulse/breathing, horizontal rapid conjugate eye movements

Answer 7

REM sleep

Question 8

stage w/ recallable dreams

Answer 8

REM sleep

Question 9

REM sleep is important for

Answer 9

reinforcing memory traces

Question 10

drugs that suppress REM

Answer 10

barbiturates

Question 11

sleep deprivations affect REM how

Answer 11

earlier onset

Question 12

% of REM sleep with age

Answer 12

younger has more REM sleep (50% in infants to 20% in adults)

Question 13

% of Stage 1/2 sleep with age

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

slow wave sleep during which stage(s)

Answer 14

stage 3/4

Question 15

sleep that dec w age

Answer 15

REM and Stage 3/4

Question 16

brain region for arousal/wakefulness

Answer 16

ARAS (ascending reticular activating system)

Question 17

ARAS lesion gives

Answer 17

somnolence or coma

Question 18

region that activates brainstem gaze centers for rapid conjugate eye movements in REM

Answer 18

pontine REM center

Question 19

REM and NREM sleep are promoted by which area?

Answer 19

preoptic area of the ventrolateral hypothalamus

Question 20

biological clock

Answer 20

suprachiasmatic nuc in hypothalamus

Question 21

how to dx OSA

Answer 21

sleep study, EEG, EKG, oximetry, resp monitoring, video

Question 22

tx for OSA

Answer 22

weight loss, surgery, pressurized O2 masks

Question 23

absence of diaphragmatic or respiratory effort to breathe

Answer 23

central sleep apnea

Question 24

REM sleep at inappropriate times is called

Answer 24

narcolepsy

Question 25

neurotransmitter deficiency for narcolepsy

Answer 25

orexin/hypocretin

Question 26

abrupt, often multiple, intrusions of sleep during daytime activities

Answer 26

narcoleptic attacks

Question 27

periodic loss of muscle tone

Answer 27

cataplexy

Question 28

REM hypotonia prevents patient from getting out of bed/waking up

Answer 28

sleep paralysis

Question 29

narcoleptics have what type of hallucinations

Answer 29

hypnagogic when going to sleep and hypnapompic when popping out of bed

Question 30

there’s abnormally early onset of ___ in narcoleptics

Answer 30

REM

Question 31

dx for narcolepsy

Answer 31

multiple sleep latency tests

Question 32

meds for narcolepsy

Answer 32

methylphenidate, modafinil

Question 33

modafinil used for

Answer 33

narcolepsy and daytime somnolence of sleep apnea

Question 34

meds to dec cataplexy

Answer 34

TCAs

Question 35

disorder of stage 4 sleep

Answer 35

sleep walking/somnambulism

Question 36

sleep walking aka

Answer 36

somnambulism

Question 37

night terrors seen during which stage of sleep

Answer 37

stage 4

Question 38

older male patients lack normal REM hypotonia and act out their dreams

Answer 38

REM behavior disorder

Question 39

REM behavior disorder precedes onset of

Answer 39

Parkinson’s or Lewy body dementia