Visual and Perceptual Impairments and Coordination

Question 1

Definition of OT?

Answer 1

provide therapy for every day life activities to enhance participation.

Question 2

What are 2 areas of vision>?

Answer 2

Functional Visual skill

Visual perception

Question 3

Acquiring visual info at retina and coordination of activity to move eye smoothly ?

what is dysfunction associated with?

Answer 3

Visual Funcitonal Skill

Crania nerve Palsy

Question 4

What are ocular movements?

Answer 4

accommodation
Convergence
Divergence
Pursuit
Saccades.

Question 5

Ability to produce focused image on retina?

what is function of acuity

Answer 5

Visual Acuity

collecting detailed visual info allowing for interpretation?

Question 6

: an unequal curving of one or

more of the refractive surfaces of the eye, usually the cornea.

Answer 6

Astigmatism

cause of blurred vision

Question 7

What are dysfunctions of Fx visual skill (acuity)

Answer 7

Astigmastism
Myopia
Hyperopia

Question 8

light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina and

distant objects cannot be seen sharply.

Answer 8

myopia

Question 9

focused behind the retina, distant objects being seen

more distinctly than near ones

Answer 9

Hyperopia

Question 10

Exam for Fx visual skill of acuity?

Tx?

Answer 10

near/distant acuity chart

corrective lense

Question 11

2 types of visual skills?

Answer 11

acuity

occular movement

Question 12

Ability to move eye?

function of it?

Answer 12

Ocular movement

eye alignment/binocular vision

Question 13

Exam and Tx for ocular movement

Answer 13

Visual screen

eye exercise/patching/surgery

prisms

Question 14

Ability to bring near object into focus quickly

function?

Dysfunction?

Answer 14

Accomodation

note-taking

blurry vision/diplopia

Question 15

ability to move eyes inward in coordinated fashion?

Fx
Dysfx

Answer 15

convergence

near vision/tracking approaching object/

decreased hand eye coordination/ blurry

Question 16

move eyes away from midline

Fx
dysFx

Answer 16

divergence

maintain image as object move away/depth perception/

diplopia/disorientation

Question 17

ability to visually track moving object.

dysfx

fx

Answer 17

pursuit

clumsy/dizzy

hand-eye coordination

Question 18

ability to shift focus from one to another rapidly w/o moving head

Answer 18

saccades for driving

dysfx is dizzy

Question 19

brain begins to interpret and attach meaning to visual info.

where?

where is it completed?

Answer 19

Visual perception

Hypothalamus

occipital/parietal/temporal lobe

Question 20

types of visual perception?

Answer 20

gnosis
visual spatial perception
field loss
homonymous hemianopsia
hemispatial neglect
motor neglect

Question 21

ability to attach meaning to visual stimuli

inability to attach
meaning to visual stimuli despite normal
functional vision and expressive language

inability to recognize
faces

Answer 21

Visual Gnosia

Visual Agnosia

facial agnosia (recognize voice not face)

Question 22

Caused by lesions anywhere along the

visual pathway

Answer 22

Visual Field loss.

4 quadrants upper/lower/

Question 23

Caused by lesion along the optic tract as it passes through the Parietal and Temporal Lobes

Answer 23

homonymous hemianopsia

loss of vision in nasal field ipsilesional eye and peripheral field of the contralesional eye.

Question 24

how to Dx homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 24

visual field testing

Question 25

how do you know its homonymous hemianopsia?

Answer 25

not able to attend to stimuli in contralesional space able to move into contralesional hemispace gaze there too. or attend to sound there.

Question 26

Prognosis for homonymous hemianopsia? Tx?

Answer 26

low FIM scores. remediation: Scanning Compensation: prism/anchoring

Question 27

disorder of attention/perception. intact but not used functionally

Answer 27

Sensory neglect. no perception past midline.

Question 28

Differential Dx of spatial neglect?

Answer 28

cant attend to sound in contralesional | but can gaze/move/look there.

Question 29

Tx of spatial neglect?

Answer 29

Remediation:scanning w/ head movement eye patching/occluder pursuit activities limb activation strategy. Compensatory: outline/anchor/prism

Question 30

Pt is unable to move into a hemi space despite being aware of sensory info in that space

Answer 30

motor neglect don't cross midline won't was or dress hemiplegic side.

Question 31

differential Dx of motor neglect

Answer 31

cant: move into contra lesion space (or eyeS) can: peripheral vision attend to sound there.

Question 32

Tx for motor neglect?

Answer 32

turn trunk patch eye occlude R field arrange room.

Question 33

thinking world is tilted? where is it often seen?

Answer 33

Pusher syndrome (push to paretic side) 18 deg. but visually vertical. motor response to perceptual impairment usually in R CVA

Question 34

What is seen with Pusher syndrome?

Answer 34

- spontaneous body posture - abd/ext of non paretic extremity - resistance to passive correction.

Question 35

Prognosis of Pusher syndrome? | lesion?

Answer 35

low FIM score/slow improvement P-L thalamus. improvement seen in first month.

Question 36

Tx for pusher syndrome?

Answer 36

``` NDT: lean against wall use visual vertical gravity eliminated positions involved side transfer tens on contralesional side. ``` have them correct themselves.

Question 37

Ability to execute SMOOTH movement? depend on

Answer 37

coordination somatosensory/visual/vestibular seen in execution and termination of hedman

Question 38

areas of trouble for coordination?

Answer 38

cerebellum basal ganglia dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

Question 39

Cerebellar pathologies?

Answer 39

``` ataxia* dysarthria dysdiadochokinesia* dysmetria* hypotonia nystagmus tremor ```

Question 40

Coordination tests include

Answer 40

Equllibrium and nonequillibrium

Question 41

Dysdiadochokinesia test? dysmetria?

Answer 41

sup/pro/ toe tap finger-nose/

Question 42

is there a benefit to testing coordination with eyes closed? link b/w coordination and activity/participation?

Answer 42

no for both.

Question 43

Interventions for Ataxia?

Answer 43

``` Damping: by weighting Tracking resistance (weighted walker) Control DOF enhance proprioceptive input strengthening. ```