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313 Research Methods > Visual and Discourse Analysis > Flashcards

Visual and Discourse Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Visual Analysis

A

Analysis of visual artifacts that are located within a sociological and cultural context

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2
Q

Why are ways of seeing not neutral acts of biology?

A

They are structured in various ways that create social difference

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3
Q

Seeing things in a social and cultural context is called

A

Visuality

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4
Q

Visuality is open to change over

A

time

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5
Q

5 ways to design a research project around advertisements

A
  1. Investigate the Production
  2. Investigate the representation
  3. Assess the consumption
  4. Examine other people’s use
  5. Consider the modalities
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6
Q

5 visual texts

A
  1. Photographs
  2. Film
  3. Bodies
  4. Sculptures
  5. Buildings
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7
Q

Early documentary films recorded…

A

the lives of others

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8
Q

Who had the power in early documentaries?

A

the ethnographer or the filmmaker

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9
Q

How others were perceived in film was often through

A

the production and dissemination of the film

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10
Q

Early docs helped maintain what between primitive and civilized?

A

separateness/otherness

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11
Q

Why are commercial films of interest to researchers?

A

because these films reflect or create problems in society

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12
Q

Films are analyzed for understanding what?

A

spectator subjectivities or spectatorship

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13
Q

What form of visual is often a private act?

A

TV

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14
Q

what type of research is often used to study tv?

A

content analysis

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15
Q

3 common types of studies in television research

A

representation, production and consumption

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16
Q

when researchers use photos in place of text when engaging in visual analysis, the image should

A

be able to stand on its own as an artifact

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17
Q

Researchers deconstruct the notion that photographs are not a record of reality but a…

A

reflection of certain ideological practices that people than take as reality

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18
Q

6 methods for analyzing visual images

A
  1. Psychoanalytical theory
  2. Content Analysis
  3. Semiotic Analysis
  4. Discourse Analysis
  5. Photo Elicitation
  6. Memory Work
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19
Q

Analyzing and deconstructing specific scenes in films to take meaning from scene. Focuses on audience and representation/emphasis on sexuality, desire and subjectivity

A

Psychoanalytic theory

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20
Q

A method that sees texts reflecting social processes and constructs perceptions of cultural world is called

A

content analysis

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21
Q

What activity in class was content analysis

A

The simpsons

22
Q

Semiotic analysis relies on

A

researcher interpretation than on objective and generalizability

23
Q

Semiotic analysis is based on the view that an image is derived from

A

interrelation to other images

24
Q

Discourse analysis is used by researchers who are interested in

A

the intention of image producers as well as the multiple readings made up of consumers

25
Q

critical discourse analysis might look at how language and images comment on…

A

societal power issues

26
Q

a way to use images in conjunction with other methods

A

photo elicitation

27
Q

photo elicitation is most commonly used in the context of

A

focus groups or interviews where photos are used to elicit comments from research participants

28
Q

what visual analysis method is used to encourage autobiographical reconstruction?

A

memory work

29
Q

when photos are taken by research participants as a jumping off point to talk about their own lives

A

memory work

30
Q

the responses to visual memory work are often

A

emotional

31
Q

Ethical considerations of visual analysis include questions of (3)

A
  1. Confidentiality
  2. Anonymity
  3. Consent
32
Q

Issues of copyright are also up from when using images for

A

research projects

33
Q

method used for studying the use of language in social contexts

A

discourse analysis

34
Q

discourse analysis provides insights into…

A

how speech and texts help shape and reproduce social meanings and forms of knowledge

35
Q

why is discourse analysis hard to pin down and define

A

because it is used in different ways within different fields

36
Q

3 types of discourse

A
  1. a single utterance
  2. a speech act
  3. a systematic ordering of language involving certain rules, terminology and convetnions
37
Q

“a group of statements which provide language for talking about a particular kind of knowledge about a topic” was said by who and about what?

A

Stuart Hall, about discourse

38
Q

Critical discourse analysis is concerned with

A

the social and political context of discourse and is based on the view that language is not only conditioned by these contexts but helps enforce them

39
Q

“How are ideologies reproduced through language and texts?” is what type of question?

A

Critical discourse analysis

40
Q

How does the textbook exemplify discourse analysis?

A

analyzes expert languages, specifically in medical discourse which creates an imbalance of power between doctors and patients

41
Q

4 core themes/techniques for doing discourse analysis

A
  1. Define the research problem
  2. Select and approach data
  3. Coding and analyzing data
  4. Presenting the analysis
42
Q

4 ways data selection researchers define an issue

A
  1. Policy
  2. Identity
  3. Media representations
  4. Public attitudes
43
Q

discourse analysis is often called a

A

craft skill: the one more does, the better one gets

44
Q

3 interpretive repertoires to consider in discourse analysis in terms of rhetorical effect

A
  1. Inconsistencies
  2. Internal workings
  3. Small strategies
45
Q

4 useful pointers for doing discourse analysis

A
  1. Identify key themes and arguments
  2. Look for association and variation
  3. Examine characteristic and agency
  4. Pay attention to emphasis and silences
46
Q

discourse can be analyzed by

A

exploring how social actors are spoken about and positioned within a text

47
Q

agency in discourse analysis refers to

A

who is seen as active or passive in producing problems/solutions

48
Q

2 linguistic strategies in critical discourse analysis

A
  1. Nominalisation

2. Passivation

49
Q

the use of sounds instead of verbs to describe events

A

nominalisation

50
Q

the use of passive voice to obscure agency

A

passivation

51
Q

the linguistic strategy used in “Attack on protestors” instead of “police attack protestors”

A

nominalisation

52
Q

“Protesters were attacked” is used instead of “Police attacked protestors” is used by passivation to do what?

A

to not show who did the attacking and obscure agency

313 Research Methods (7 decks)

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