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Pediatrics > Vision Perceptual Learning > Flashcards

Vision Perceptual Learning Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common childhood disorder requiring special education? In what % of school children is this found in?

A

Learning disability

- 5-15%

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2
Q

What are the risk factors for a child to have a learning disability?

A
  1. genetics
  2. social/biological factors
  3. maternal nutrition
  4. premature birth
  5. Low birth weight
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3
Q

For a given socioeconomic status, a lower birthweight can equal what?

A

lower IQ

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4
Q

This is the major premise that a significant discrepancy exists between the child’s potential and actual level of academic or language skills

A

Learning disability

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5
Q

How many children receive special education in school for a learning disability in the US?

A

over 6 million

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6
Q

The specific manifestations of learning disabilities are found in what 3 specific domains?

A
  1. reading
  2. writing
  3. math
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7
Q

What are the key characteristics of the medical definiton of a LD?

A
  1. Must have 1/6 symptoms of LD even with 6 mo of tx
  2. imapairment in academic, occupational and everyday activities
  3. age of onset is school year
  4. specific disorders must be r/o
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8
Q

This means the child has a reading disorder.

A

Dyslexia

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9
Q

This means the child has difficulty transferring language into written output.

A

Dysgraphia

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10
Q

This means the child has difficulty in understanding numbers and concepts

A

Dyscalculia

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11
Q

What is the most common childhood learning disorder?

A

Dyslexia

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12
Q

Visual efficiency contributes to what 3 things?

A
  1. Accommodation
  2. Binocularity
  3. Ocular motility
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13
Q

Optometrists can identify, evaluate and treat what 3 things?

A
  1. VA
  2. Visual efficiency
  3. Visual processing
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14
Q

Visual information process begins with what?

A

Perception

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15
Q

This is an active process of locating and extracting information from the environment using sense organs.

A

Perception

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16
Q

Visual perception is what type of learned process?

A

Learned, dynamic process

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17
Q

What are the two subtypes of dyslexia?

A
  1. Auditory-Linguistic

2. Visual-Spatial

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18
Q

This type of dyslexia has a low verbal IQ; can hear the word but can’t spell it out.

A

Auditory-Linguistic

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19
Q

This type of dyslexia has a low performan IQ; has issues recognizing a word even if they just read it.

A

Visual-Spatial

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20
Q

Dysphonetic is found in 63% of children. What subtype of dyslexia is this?

A

Auditory-linguistic

- spells by sight, not by ear

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21
Q

Dyseidetic is found in 9% of children. What subtype of dyslexia is this?

A

Visual-spatial

- spells by ear, not by sight

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22
Q

What ratio of children have pure perceptual disorders? mixed disorder?

A

1 in 5 pure
1 in 5 mixed
total = 2 in 5 LD have vision factors

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23
Q

T/F: The expected outcome of OD treatment is improvement in visual function?

A

True

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24
Q

Optometric intervention for ppl with learning-related vision problems consists of what 3 things?

A
  1. Lenses
  2. Prisms
  3. VT
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25
Q

Automaticity is important in skills acquisition. What are the 2 subgroups?

A
  1. Simultaneous

2. Successive/Sequential

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26
Q

Children with a learning disorder have what type of vision deficit?

A

Magnocellular vision deficit

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27
Q

The transient processing system is what? and the Sustained transient system is what?

A 
Transient = magnocellular
Sustained = parvocellular
28
Q

T/F: Alterations in the order, timing or processing speed of the two systems can result in a visual processing deficit.

A

True

29
Q

While reading, performing fixations involves which processing system?

A

Sustained, parvocellular

30
Q

While reading, performing saccades involves which processing system?

A

transient, magnocellular

31
Q

This system diminishes persistence effect of sustained channels by erasing pattern information from previous fixation.

A

Transient

32
Q

If the transient system does not erase information, what 3 issues occur?

A
  1. patters overlap
  2. masking doesn’t occur
  3. reading is confusing and inefficient
33
Q

This test the patient’s ability to name a visual stimuli quickly; highly predictive of dyslexia.

A

Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN)

34
Q

If a patient does visual-visual pattern matching, what type of testing is this?

A

Intramodal

35
Q

If a patient does auditory-visual matching, what type of testing is this?

A

Intermodal

- say a word and match it

36
Q

Learning is best facilitated through what type of learning style?

A

Intermodal

37
Q

What is the mean and SD for scaled, standard and t-scores?

A 
Scaled = 10; 3
Standard = 100;15
T-score = 50; 10
38
Q

This is the raw score that is characteristic of a particular age in a normative sample.

A

Age Equivalent

39
Q

This compares an individuals performance with the average students in a particular grade.

A

Grade Equivalent

40
Q

This identifies the order in which a child should reach successive stages of development for a specific behavior/skill.

A

Developmental stage norms

41
Q

This is a reasonable estimate of the range of fluctuation expected in a child’s score.

A

Standard Error of Measurement (SEM)

42
Q

The more reliable the test, the ____ the SEM.

A

smaller

43
Q

To calculate the standard error of measurement, what 2 things must you know?

A
  1. standard deviation

2. reliability measure for the instrument or test

44
Q

This is the ability to understand directional concepts that organize external visual space.

A

Visual spatial skills

- i.e. Laterality and directionality

45
Q

This is the ability to be internally aware of left and right on oneself.

A

Laterality

46
Q

This is the ability to interpret right and left directions in external space.

A

Directionality

47
Q

By what age should a child know their left vs. right on self?

A

6 yo.

48
Q

Visual Motor Integration (Beery) requires what 3 things?

A
  1. visual form perception
  2. fine motor coord.
  3. use of visual and motor systems
49
Q

WISC IV has how many indices?

A

4 index scores - provides a full scale IQ

50
Q

This measures word knowledge and retrieval.

A

Vocabulary

51
Q

This measures verbal concepts and reasoning.

A

Similarities

52
Q

This is social knowledge and awareness, ability to evaluate and use past experience.

A

Comprehension

53
Q

This is acquisition, retention and recall of verbally encoded, factual…

A

Information

54
Q

Perceptual reasoning index is related to what 2 things?

A
  1. Vision

2. Visual perception

55
Q

This measures the working memory processes applied to the manipulation of orally presented verbal sequences.

A

Working memory index

56
Q

What is a major factor in processing speed index?

A

Attention

57
Q

What IQ score is significantly below average?

A

<70

58
Q

What is the average range of IQ scores?

A

80-119

59
Q

Index scores help ODs to determine what 2 things?

A
  1. verbal vs. nonverbal abilities

2. whether VT will be effective

60
Q

Visual perception is what type of deficit?

A

Significant primary deficit

61
Q

Visual attention is what type of deficit?

A

Secondary deficit

62
Q

Visual memory is what type of deficit?

A

Tertiary deficit

63
Q

What are the 3 components of ADHD?

A
  1. Hyperactivity
  2. Impusivity
  3. Inattention
64
Q

What age must ADHD onset ?

A

must have a problem before the age of 7

65
Q

What are the 2 inventories used to dx ADHD?

A
  1. Child behavior Check list

2. Conner’s

66
Q

What are the 3 ways optometrists can intervene and help?

A
  1. Correct RE
  2. Tx Visual efficiency anomalies
  3. Tx/Address/refer Visual Info Processing aomalies

Pediatrics (10 decks)

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