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Pediatrics > Infants > Flashcards

Infants Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main parental concerns of their infant?

A
  1. Eye turn
  2. Squinting
  3. Eye rubbing
  4. Photoqphobia
  5. Family Hx
  6. Eyes look funny
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2
Q

What are the main ophthalmic concerns of an infant?

A
  • Congenital malformations
  • Neurological disorder
  • Ocular pathology
  • RE
  • Strabismus
  • Amblyopia
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3
Q

What do babies like to look at?

A
  1. Mirrors
  2. Lights
  3. Faces
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4
Q

What do we want to know for an exam for a birth-2 yo?

A
  1. Infancy behavior
  2. General health
  3. Dev. Hx
  4. Educational Info
  5. Parent Q’s
  6. Goals for exam
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5
Q

The Denver Developmental screening test looks at what?

A
  1. Personal social
  2. Language
  3. Fine Motor
  4. Gross Motor
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6
Q

What is the best type of occlusion for a child from birth to 2?

A

Adhesive patch applied correctly on the eye

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7
Q

What are we looking for when doing Visual acuity assessments?

A
  1. reduced VA
  2. Unequal acuity
  3. Amblyopia detection
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8
Q

What’s the gold standard for VA?

A

Recognition acuity

- not used below 3 yrs

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9
Q

What test of choice for VAs are used for babies and children below the cognitive age of 3 yrs?

A

Resolution acuity

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10
Q

What is the most common resolution acuity ?

A

Teller Acuity - detemines 20/20 to 20/2000

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of FPL cards?

A
  1. Cardiff Cards
  2. LEA acuity paddles
  3. Teller Acuity Cards
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12
Q

What is the basis for decision in FPL?

A
  • first fixation
  • duration of fixation
  • number of fixations
  • behavior response of child
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13
Q

What calculation can be used to determine the VA in FPL?

A

600/age of child = VA

Ex. 6 mo old = 20/100

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14
Q

TAC are most sensitive to what ocular findings?

A
  1. cortical visual impairment
  2. ON loss
  3. Delayed vision maturation
  4. Develop.Abnormalities
  5. Amblyopia
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15
Q

TAC are less sensitive to what?

A
  1. Myopia
  2. Moderate astigmatism
  3. Macular loss
  4. Screening VA (26% false positives)
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16
Q

What are the 2 types of detection acuity tests?

A
  1. Stycar

2. Candy beads

17
Q

This method is used to assess the presence of pattern vision; used to detect high amblyopia

A

Fix and follow

18
Q

Fix and follow has a 60-80% false negative rate. What does this mean?

A

60-80 children out of 100 will be missed when testing if they have amblyopia

19
Q

Fix and follow has a 31-68% false positve rate. What does this mean?

A

31-68 children out of 100 will be deemed as amblyopic when they’re not

20
Q

This is used when there is no response to objects.

A

Light and form perception

21
Q

What is an example of an involuntary visual response?

A

OKN drum

22
Q

What test can be used to confirm amblyopia?

A
  1. Alternate Fixation

2. 10 pd vertical prism

23
Q

Name the type of supplemental tests to confirm amblyopia?

A

Bruckner Test

24
Q

At what age does stereopsis emerge?

A

3-4 months

25
Q

At what age are eyes aligned?

A

6 months

26
Q

How do we test motor function in children?

A
  1. Cover test
  2. NPC
  3. Versions
27
Q

What supplemental tests can be used to determine motor function?

A
  1. Hirschberg/Krimsky
    - hirsch - confirms presence of strab
    - krims - estim. dev. w/ prism
  2. Bruckner Test
28
Q

The motor function is what the ____ sees. The sensory function is what the ____ sees.

A
  • parent

- baby

29
Q

What is the normal NPC in a child?

A

2-3 inches

- emerges at 3-4 months

30
Q

A lack of stereopsis detects what problems?

A
  1. intermittant/small angle strab
  2. anisometropia
  3. amblyopia
  4. ocular pathology
31
Q

What are the exam techniques used to measure RE?

A
  1. Near retinoscopy (Mohindra)

2. Cycloplegic refraction

32
Q

What are the supplemental techniques to measure RE?

A
  1. AutoRefrac

2. Distance retinoscopy

33
Q

Abnormal motilities indicate what?

A
  1. decreased VA
  2. Nystagmus
  3. Neurological
34
Q

Pursuits should be smooth by what age?

A

6-8 weeks

35
Q

Saccades should be accurate by what age?

A

6-8 wks

36
Q

How do you test VF in infants?

A

confrontation puppet/monster fields

Pediatrics (10 decks)

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