Anterior Segment

Question 1

This is a strawberry birthmark; benign tumor consisting of an abnormal overgrowth of tiny blood vessels

Answer 1

Capillary hemangioma

Question 2

When does a capillary hemangioma appear? slowly decrease? regress completely?

Answer 2

• appear Within the first 6 mo of life
• decrease between 12 and 15 mo of age
• Regress by age 5 or 6

Question 3

What are some vision problems that can be caused by capillary hemangioma?

Answer 3

1. Amblyopia
2. Strabismus
3. Optic Nerve atrophy

Question 4

This is a benign congenital overgrowth of abnormal masses of tissue (skin, hair follicles, sebaceous glands); mainly in lateral brow).

Answer 4

Dermoid

Question 5

What is the recommended scan for a dermoid? Tx?

Answer 5

1. MRI w/ contrast

2. complete surgical removal

Question 6

What is the tx for systemically well children < 5yo for preseptal cellulitis?

Answer 6

1. Amoxicllin/Clavulanate; q12h x 7 days

2. Cephalexin; q6h x 7 days

Question 7

What is the tx for systemically well older children/adults for preseptal cellulitis?

Answer 7

1. flucloxacillin 500mg q6h x 7 days

Question 8

What is the most common cause of orbital cellulitis in all age groups?

Answer 8

Bacterial ethmoid sinusitis

Question 9

With orbital cellulitis, urgent treatment is necessary to avoid what 3 things?

Answer 9

1. Vision loss
2. Intracranial infection
3. death

Question 10

This is a yellow/whitish domelike mass that may envircle the limbus with possible epithelial keratinization.

Answer 10

Corneal dermoid cyst

Question 11

Where is a corneal dermoid most commonly found?

Answer 11

Inferior temporal limbus

Question 12

What are the 2 visual complications associated with corneal dermoids?

Answer 12

• blocking visual axis

- astigmatism

Question 13

What is the tx for a corneal dermoid?

Answer 13

Lamellar keratectomy

Question 14

What is the optometric management for a corneal dermoid?

Answer 14

Reschedule for repeat retinoscopy and consider patching therapy following surgical removal of dermoid

Question 15

Axenfield Reiger Syndrome presents with what 3 things?

Answer 15

1. Iris strands
2. Posterior embryotoxin
3. Iris hypoplasia

Question 16

This is a rare form of anterior segment dysgenesis in which abnormal cleavage of the anterior chamber occurs

Answer 16

Peter’s Anomaly

Question 17

Peters anomaly may have an inherited pattern. Mutations of what gene can cause this dysgenesis?

Answer 17

PAX6 gene
- not always hereditary. Can be
AR, assoc. w/ rubella and FAS.

Question 18

This type of Peter’s anomaly states the lens is cataractous and adheres to the cornea.

Answer 18

Type 2

Question 19

This type of Peter’s anomlay states the lens may or may not be cataractous; however the lens does not adhere to the cornea.

Answer 19

Type 1

Question 20

50% of patients with Peter’s anomaly also has what?

Answer 20

Glaucoma

Question 21

What is the ocular management for Peter’s Anomaly?

Answer 21

• EUA to estab. dx
• Exclude glaucoma
• regular IOP checks

Question 22

This is a storage disease which results from deficiency of enzymes involving the degradation of glycoaminoglycans

Answer 22

Mucopolysaccharidosis

- GAGs buildup and damage organs