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SPECIAL SENSES > VISION part I > Flashcards

VISION part I Flashcards

1
Q

an instrument used by eye specialists to visualize the retina & the blood vessels in it thru the pupil

A

OPHTHALMOSCOPE

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2
Q

the study of the structure, functions & diseases of the eyes

A

OPHTHALMOLOGY

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3
Q

a physician who specializes in the diagnosis & treatment of eye disorders

A

OPHTHALMOLOGIST

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4
Q

licensed specialist who examines & tests the eyes for visual defects

A

OPTOMETRIST

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5
Q

a technician who fits/adjusts lenses with the prescription of an
optometrist/ophthalmologist

A

OPTICIAN

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6
Q

is the means by which the brain receives information from the ‘outside world’

A

SENSES

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7
Q

anything from the inside or outside the body that can cause a response in a nerve, muscle,
gland or other tissue

A

STIMULUS

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8
Q

the conscious awareness of stimuli received

A

SENSATION or PERCEPTION

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9
Q

is a peripheral ending of the functional dendrites of afferent neurons

A

RECEPTORS

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10
Q

is a group of structures which convert the energy of a stimulus into sensation

A

SENSORY ASSEMBLAGE

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11
Q

3 COMPONENTS OF SENSORY ASSEMBLAGE

A
  1. RECEPTOR
  2. PATHWAY TO THE BRAIN
  3. SENSORY AREA
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12
Q

transforms the energy of the stimulus to an electrical form

A

RECEPTOR

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13
Q

these are peripheral nerves thru which impulses can be conducted

A

PATHWAY TO THE BRAIN

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14
Q

in the cerebral cortex is where nerve impulses give rise to sensation

A

SENSORY AREA

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15
Q

refer to both somatic senses and visceral senses. It is more widely
distributed throughout the body. It involves the sense of touch, pain, pressure,
temperature, vibration and proprioception.

A

GENERAL SENSES

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16
Q

y) include tactile sensations (touch, pressure,
vibration, itch, and tickle), thermal sensations (warm and cold), pain sensations,
and proprioceptive sensations. Proprioceptive sensations allow perception of
both the static (nonmoving) positions of limbs and body parts (joint and muscle
position sense) and movements of the limbs and head

A

SOMATIC SENSES

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17
Q

provide information about conditions within internal organs.
Example: pressure, stretch, chemicals, nausea, hunger, and temperature

A

VISCERAL SENSES

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18
Q

It includes the sensory modalities of smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium or balance

A

SPECIAL SENSES

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19
Q

PROCESS OF SENSATION

A
  1. STIMULATION OF THE SENSORY RECEPTORS
  2. TRANSDUCTION OF STIMULUS
  3. GENERATION OF AN IMPULSE
  4. INTEGRATION OF SENSORY INPUT
20
Q

The stimulus must occur within the receptive
field of the sensory receptors. This receptive field is that part of the sensory receptor
that is capable of responding to stimulus

A

STIMULATION OF THE SENSORY RECEPTORS

21
Q

When a sensory receptor is stimulated, it converts
a stimulus into a graded potential=a small deviation/change from the membrane
potential that makes the membrane either more polarized (more-) or less
polarized (less-) each type of sensory receptor can convert only 1 kind of
stimulus.

A

TRANSDUCTION OF STIMULUS

22
Q

After a sensory receptor has converted a certain
stimulus, an impulse is generated. Thus when a graded potential in a sensory
neuron reaches a threshold, it triggers one or more nerve impulses, which then
propagate toward the CNS

A

GENERATION OF AN IMPULSE

23
Q

Upon an impulse has reached the brain, integration
of sensory input happens

A

INTEGRATION OF SENSORY INPUT

24
Q

It is located on the medial surface of the occipital
lobe and it receives impulses that convey visual info like shape, color, and movement

A

PRIMARY VISUAL AREA

25
Q

It receives sensory impulses from the
primary visual area & the thalamus. As an association area, it relates present
& past visual experiences, thus is essential in recognizing & evaluating what
is seen (Ex: having seen Vigan)

A

VISUAL ASSOCIATION AREA

26
Q

It is located superior part of the temporal lobe

A

PRIMARY AUDITORY AREA

27
Q

It is located inferior & posterior to the
primary auditory area. It ascertains whether a sound is speech, music or noise.

A

AUDITORY ASSOCIATION AREA

28
Q

Primarily located at medial aspect of the
temporal lobe. It receives impulses for smell.

A

PRIMARY OLFACTORY AREA

29
Q

It located at the base of the post central
Gyrus, superior to the lateral cerebral sulcus and receives impulses for taste.

A

PRIMARY GUSTATORY AREA

30
Q

It located at or near the external surface of the body. It is sensitive to stimuli from outside the body.

A

EXTERORECEPTORS

31
Q

It is responsible in monitoring the internal environment.
Primarily located in blood vessels, visceral organs, nervous system

A

ENTERORECEPTORS

32
Q

It is responsible in monitoring the internal environment. Primarily located in blood vessels, visceral organs, nervous system

A

ENTERORECEPTORS

33
Q

They respond to stimuli that are far from the body. It include exteroceptors located in the eyes, nose & ears

A

TELECEPTORS

34
Q

These are free nerve endings found in every tissue of the body except the brain. They respond to all stimuli producing pain sensation

A

NOCIRECEPTORS

35
Q

They detect chemicals in the mouth (they help in detecting what kind of taste the food has); nose (smell); body fluids (respond to
changes in the chemical composition of the body fluids: ex: increase in pH,
electrolyte level.

A

CHEMORECEPTORS

36
Q

They detect change in temp.

A

THERMORECEPTORS

37
Q

They detect mechanical stimuli; provide sensations of touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, and hearing and equilibrium; also
monitor stretching of blood vessels and internal organs.

A

MECHANORECEPTORS

38
Q

they detect light that strikes the retina

A

PHOTORECEPTORS

39
Q

They respond to changes in BP

A

BARORECEPTORS

40
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF SENSATION

A
  • PROJECTION
  • AFTER-IMAGE
  • ADAPTATION
  • LOCALIZATION
  • MASKING
  • AFFECT/FEELING TONE
  • MODALITY/INTENSITY
41
Q

What is sensed at a certain part of the body thru the sensory receptors, is directed/projected to the brain thru the transmission of impulses
& the brain then sends back what info it has processed to the part or source
of stimulation

A

PROJECTION

42
Q

It is the ability to perpetuate sensation
despite cessation of stimulation

A

AFTER IMAGE

43
Q

It is the absence of sensation despite
the continuous stimulation.

A

ADAPTATION

44
Q

It is the ability to recognize the point of stimulation.

A

LOCALIZATION

45
Q

It is the ability to camouflage sensation.

A

MASKING

46
Q

It is the effects of sensation, whether pleasant or
not

A

AFFECT/FEELING TONE

47
Q

It refers to the sensory receptors for the different
sense organs are specific

A

MODALITY/INTENSITY

SPECIAL SENSES (7 decks)

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