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ophthamology > Vision Loss And Blindness > Flashcards

Vision Loss And Blindness Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major blood supply to the eye

A

Ophthalmic artery branches

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2
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of a CRAO

A

Sudden profound vision loss
Painless
RAPD
pale oedematous retina with thread like retinal vessels

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3
Q

What is a key feature of a CRAO

A

Cherry red spot- normal fovea easily seen against pale background

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4
Q

What are the causes of CRAO

A

Carotid artery disease
Emboli from the heart (unusual)
Giant cell arteritis

CRAO is a form of stroke

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of amaurosis fugax (transient CRAO)

A

Transient painless Vision loss (like a curtain coming down)
Lasts 5 mins with full recovery
Usually nothing abnormal on examination
Refer to stroke unit

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6
Q

What are the symptoms/signs of CRVO?

A

Sudden vision loss
Retinal haemorrhages
Dilated tortuous veins
Disc and macular swellings

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7
Q

What is ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

Occlusion of the optic nerve head
Posterior ciliary arteries become occluded

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of GCA

A

Headache/scalp tenderness
Enlarged temporal arteries

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9
Q

How is GCA treated

A

Steroids

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10
Q

What is vitreous haemorrhage?

A

Bleeding from abnormal new blood vessels which have grown due to ischaemia eg in diabetes
OR
bleeding from normal retinal vessels eg bridging a retinal tear

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11
Q

What kind of vision loss does a vitreous haemorrhage cause?

A

Sudden Vision loss

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of a retinal detachment?

A

Painless loss of vision/visual field defect
Sudden onset of flashes/floaters

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13
Q

What are the signs of retinal detachment

A

RAPD
May see tear on ophthalmoscopy

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14
Q

What does a detachment at the bottom of the eye mean?

A

Loss of vision at the top

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15
Q

What is ARMD?

A

Commonest cause of blindness in the UK
unknown cause

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16
Q

What are the types of ARMD?

A

Wet- sudden vision loss
Dry- gradual vision loss

17
Q

What is wet ARMD

A

New blood vessels grow under retina, leakage causes a build up of fluid/blood and eventually scarring

18
Q

What are some signs/symptoms of wet ARMD

A

Rapid central vision loss
Distortion
Haemorrhage/exudate

19
Q

What are the features of glaucoma

A

Results in optic nerve damage
Pathogenesis is not well understood
Lots of different types of glaucoma

20
Q

What causes a closed angle glaucoma?

A

Aqueous humour has increased resistance through iris/lens channel
This causes peripheral angle to bow forwards obstructing trabecular meshwork

21
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of a closed angle glaucoma?

A

Painful eye
Sudden visual loss
Headache
Nausea
Red eye
Cloudy cornea
Hard eye
Mid dilated pupil
Must lower IOP

22
Q

What is cataracts?

A

Cloudiness of the lens

23
Q

What are some causes of cataracts?

A

Age related
Congenital
Metabolic
Drug induced
Intra uterine infection

24
Q

What are some cataract symptoms?

A

Gradual vision loss (hazy/blurred)
Loss of red reflex

25
Q

What is the management of cataracts?

A

Management is surgical removal (phacoemulsification) with an intra ocular lens implant if patient is symptomatic

26
Q

What are the symptoms/signs of dry ARMD

A

Gradual decline in vision
Central vision missing (scotoma)
Drusens sign- build up of waste products below RPE
Atrophic patch of retina

27
Q

What is the treatment for dry ARMD

A

No cure
Supportive treatment only
Low vision aids
Visual impairment registration
Social support

28
Q

What causes open angle glaucoma?

A

Connective tissue beams forming trabecular meshwork- reduced aqueous outflow here causes increased IOP

29
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of open angle glaucoma?

A

Often no symptoms
May/may not have high IOP
Cupped disc= loss of retinal ganglion cells
Visual field defects

30
Q

What does a larger optic cup mean?

A

More damage caused by glaucoma

ophthamology (13 decks)

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