Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro block 2 > vision loss > Flashcards

vision loss Flashcards

1
Q

transient loss of vision in one eyecausedby

A

transient ischemic attack caused by platelet thrombin emboli from atheromatous plaques in carotid artery on same side –> AMAUROSIS FUGAX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what causes transient loss of vision in both eyes?

A

Basilar artery insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

short lived (a few seconds) loss of vision caused in one eye by?

A

papilledema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

casues of painful loss of vision (4)

A

optic neuritis

acute narrow glaucoma

uveitis

endopthalmitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

painless loss of vision (3)

A

cataracts

central retinal artery or vein occlusion

retinal detachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sudden loss of visison in one eye adult? kids?

A

adults - vascular (HTN, diabetes, etc)

kids - optic neuritis R/O demyelinating disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

if bilateral nonreactive pupils discovered, what shoudl you test?

A

near reflex (accomodiation, miosis, constriction) (could be argyl robinson pupil - neurosyph)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

vision loss caused by lesion posterior to the exit of the pupillary fibers will not be associated with abnormalities of ___________

A

pupillary reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

presence of relative afferent pupillary defect usually associated with _______

A

diseases of optic nerve, chiasm or optic tract anterior to the exit of pupillary fibers and arterial or venous occlusive diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pts w/retrobulbar optic neuritis have a positive _______ even though their optic disc looks normal

A

relative afferent pupillary defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which test - move light straight back from one pupil to the other and go back several times

A

relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) test. tests for marcus gunn pupil =afferent pupillary defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

do not expect to find what if confrontation visual field testing?

A

subtle VF defects (how to do test. have pt cover left eye and look directly at your left eye w/their uncovered right eye)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

visual field: retinal or optic nerve lesion lesion produces

A

central scotoma (retinalvsualr lesions usually respect horizontal midline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chiasmal compression produces:

A

bitemporal hemianopsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lesions behind chiasm produce

A

congrous HH - occipital cortex

incongroups HH - more anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describes what :

  1. usually occcurs in young, middle aged adults
  2. sudden loss of vision inone eye

may have pain on motion of eye

AFFERENT PUPILLARY DEFECT PRESENT

CENTRAL VISUAL FIELD DEFECT (pt cannot see object when look directly at it, but can see it when look to side)

COLOR DESATURATION IN AFFECTED EYE

DISC NORMAL OR SWOLLEN

A

OPTIC NEURITIS

17
Q

what is a centrocecal scotoma (eg found in optic neuritis)

A

central scotoma that connects w/physiologic blind spot

18
Q

disc in REtrobulbar Optic neuritis?

disc in papillitis?

vision loss for how long in optic neuritis?

when does vision improve?

prognosis for return to vision?

tx?

A

retrobulbar - optic disc normal

papillitis - optic disc swollen

vision loss over 10-14 days

improves over 3+ weeks

prognosis for vision to return = >90%

tx: IV corticosteroids

19
Q

* papillitis vs. pailledema*

disc inolvement?

RAPD?

visual acuity?

scotoma?

A

papillitis: ONE disc, +RAPD, DECREASED visual acuity, CENTRAL scotoma
papilledema: BOTH discs, -RAPD, NORMAL visual acuity, ENLARGED physiologic blind spot

20
Q

sigificance of optic neuritis?

A

Maybe presenting complaint of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS!!!!

21
Q

chiams lesions:

how is VA?

is bitemporal hemianopsia symmetric/optic atrophy?

MC cause?

other causes (3)

A

VA reduced in one or both eyes

bitemporal hemianopsia and optic atrophy- asymmetric (usually w/ eye with RAPD in eye w/poor vision w/pale optic disc (atrophic)

MC cause: pitutiary adenoma

others: meningitioma,craniopharyngioma,aneurysm

22
Q

lesion btw chiasm and LGB produce

A

optic atrophy and RAPD

23
Q

lesions posterior to LGB produce

A

normal pupil and normal RAPD, NO Optic atrophy.

24
Q

post chiasmal lesiosn produce?

A

homonymous hemianopsia

25
Q

in a homonymous hemianopsia, congrous, what owuld you be worried about in old pt?

A

stroek in old; tumor in young pt.

26
Q

normal optic disc:

what should you check for?

4Cs + 2 more

A

color

contour

circumference(margins)

cup size

spontaneous venous pulsations

retina/vessels

27
Q

what is a bilateral swelling of the optic discs secondary to increased intracranial pressure? which two conditions must be ruled out?

A

papilledema.

RULE OUT: pseudotumor cerebri and BRAIN TUMOR.

28
Q

what is seen with:

normal visual acuity

visual field full w/enlarged blind spot

no pain on eye movement

no RAPD

Headaches, nausea, and vomiting

+/- CN6 palsy

A

papilledema

29
Q

signs inlcude:

both discs elevated and hyperemic

disc margins blurred, indistinct,

small vessel margin obscured

retinar vessels tortous, dilated

hemorrhages and exudates

spontaneous venous pulsations absent

A

signs of papilledema.

30
Q

what is described below:

acute loss of vision in one eye in older pt

AFFERENT PUPILLARY DEFECT PRESENT

DISC SWOLLEN and PALE

ISCHEMIA of DISC(small vessel occlusion)

altitudinal hemianopsia common

what must you rule out?

A

ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY

must R/O temporal arteritis

31
Q

what is seen with

pale retina w/central aretry occlusion secondary to ischemia

pale optic disc

narrowed arterioles

cherry red macula

R/O temporal areritis

A

central retinal artery occlusion

32
Q

what is seen with:

hemorrhagic infarct of retina

swollen, hypereremic disc + venous distention

flame shaped _ other hemorrhages

seen in pt w/diabetes, chornic open angle glaucoma,

blood disease that Increases viscosity of blood:PCV and multiple myeloma.

A

central retinal vein occlusion

33
Q

ocular disease associated with: increased intraocular pressure, damaged optic nerve, characterized by ENLARGEMENT OF optic Cup and eventual pallor

-ealry visual field loss (ASYMPTOMATIC)

LOSS OF CENTRAL VISION -LATE

A

CHRONIC OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA

34
Q

SUGGESTED BY PALE COLOR OF ATROPHY

USUALLY POOR VISION AND VISUAL FIELD

MAY BE CAUSED BY LESION IN RETINA, OPTIC NERVE, CHIASM, OR OPTIC DISC

ATROPHY WITH LARGE OPTIC DISC CUPS- USUALLY GLAUCOMA

A

OPTIC ATROPHY

Neuro block 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions