Vision and Hearing Flashcards
Causes of diabetic retinopathy? Treatment?
Poor diabetic management. Retinal hemorrhages and edema. Treatment is glycemic control and laser surgery.
Clinical manifestations of diabetic retinopathy?
Asymptomatic, floaters, sudden visual change, spotty and hazy vision, blindness
Deterioration of the macula wherein central vision is altered.
Macular degeneration. There is no cure but pt should stop smoking. Eyedrops, laser treatment
Causes of a detached retina? Clinical manifestations are?
Trauma, tumor, high myopia, aphakia, exudes in front or behind the retina. Hemorrhage.
Manifestations are sudden, painless. Bright flash of light, floaters
Treatment of detached retina?
Immobilize head, best rest, quiet environment, eye patches, no bending over
Silent thief of sight. High intraocular pressure with progressive visual loss. Blindness may result. Risks?
Glaucoma. Age-related, tumors, trauma, diabetes, HTN.
What are the parts of glaucoma?
Abnormal internal pressure. Pressures builds when aqueous fluid is blocked. Clogged trabecular meshwork leading to drainage canal. Optic nerve endings slowly deteriorate under abnormal pressure.
A treatment for glaucoma that is surgical
Trabeculectomy. A flap is created in the sclera. Then a small opening is made into the eye to release fluid from the eye. Increases drainage and decreases production of aqueous humor, IOP.
Decreases production of and increases outflow of aqueous humor. Systemic absorption common. Decreases pupil size
Miotic eye med.
Beta blocker timolol maleate
Cholinergic pilocarpine HCL
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide
Blocks receptors that constrict pupil, causing dilation of the pupil. Effects may last 3 hours or several days.
Mydriatic eye med. Use for diagnostic testing, as an aid in intraocular surgery. Should wear sunglasses.
Atropine, phenylephrine
Most common side effects of eye drop meds?
Eye stinging and burning, tearing, photophobia, visual disturbance, nausea, dry mouth.
A lens problem with gradual clouding and decreased transparency.
Cataracts. Painless, blurred vision, loss of sight, lens dry out, aging process, trauma
Explain cataract surgery
Done when APLs are impacted. Restores vision. Extraction of lens and replace with lens implant.
How to give someone eye drops?
Drops and dropper sterile. Wash hands. Instill drops of conjunctiva of lower lid with the patient looking up. Punctual occlusion. 5 minutes between drops.
How to apply eye ointment?
Longer contact with the eye. Look up and tilt head back. Place ointment on conjunctiva of lower lid. Best at bedtime.
