Vision

Question 1

What makes up the outer layers of the eye

Answer 1

The Scalera choroid and retina

Question 2

What is the Scalera and when does it become at the front of the eye

Answer 2

It’s the outer most layer, in front it becomes clear and see through

Question 3

Where is the coroid and was it become

Answer 3

It is packed with blood vessels and becomes the ciliary body which becomes the iris and controls the pupil

Question 4

What is the job of the lens in the cornea

Answer 4

To bed light onto the retina

Question 5

What is the canal of schlemm

Answer 5

Produces aqueous humor, if it doesn’t drain glaucoma it becomes president which is the buildup of pressure that pushes on the nerves leading to blindness

Question 6

The optic disc is also the

Answer 6

Blindspot

Question 7

To see close up the lens is? To see far away the lenses?

Answer 7

Round, flat

Question 8

Accommodation

Answer 8

The process by which the eye Adjust the shape of the lens to keep objects and focus on the retina

Question 9

What is hyperopia

Answer 9

The focal point falls behind the retina, farsightedness, close-up is blurry

Question 10

What is myopia

Answer 10

The focal point falls in front of the retina, nearsightedness, distance is fuzzy

Question 11

Well the rods and cones for

Answer 11

Cones are for colour vision and rods are for mono chromatic vision

Question 12

What sells axons converge to form the optic nerve

Answer 12

Ganglion cells

Question 13

What are amacrine cells

Answer 13

Support south, drown out other cells for clear information, will release GABA so it’s a clear message

Question 14

True or false? Columns have low sensitivity, high acuity for clear details, and have a little convergence in the retinal pathways

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is rhodopsin made of

Answer 15

The protein opsin and a reversibly bound cofactor retinal

Question 16

Retinal absorbs… And changes…Converting…

Answer 16

It absorbs light and changes configuration Converting light energy into a change in membrane potential

Question 17

Explain pigment synthesis

Answer 17

Rhodopsin forms and accumulates in the dark. Vitamin A is oxidized to form 11-cis-retinal Which combines with opsin

Question 18

Explain pigment bleaching

Answer 18

When rhodopsin absorbs light, retinol changes to all trans retinol and ops and becomes activated and separates from retinol

Question 19

Explain pigment regeneration

Answer 19

11 cis retinal is re-generated and re-joins opsin

Question 20

Photo transduction in the dark

Answer 20

Rhodopsin is an active, cGMP is high, and K channels are open so the cell is depolarizing and there is a release of neurotransmitters onto you bipolar neurons that cause an inhibitory postsynaptic potential. Because the bipolar cells hyperpolarized the calcium channels clothes inhibiting neurotransmitter released onto the ganglion cell. So no action potentials occur along the optic nerve

Question 21

Photo transduction in the light

Answer 21

Light bleached rhodopsin
Opsin decreases cGMP
Sodium and potassium channels clothes in the cell becomes hyperpolarized. Neurotransmitter released decreases in proportion to the amount of light. Because there is a lack of inhibitory postsynaptic potential’s in the bipolar sell it can be polarized and release an excitatory postsynaptic potential onto the ganglion cell

Question 22

Fibres from the middle aspect of each I can cross at the optic chiasm and continue via the optic tract. True or false?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The right optic tract carries representation of the

Answer 23

Left half of the visual field