Respiration Flashcards
What does the upper airway function to do? (3)
- Warm air to 37C
- Add water vapour
- Filter foreign material
Goblet Cell
Produces mucus
Ciliated epithilium
Cilia move and push muscus up in the watery saline layer
What 2 channels are used to create the water saline layer?
NKCC & Anion Channel
Type 1 cells in alveoli
Thin cells that allow for gas exchange
Type 2 cells in alveoli
Synthesize and secrete surfactant
Why are elastic fibres important
For recoil
And increase in lung volume (inhale) creates a decreased alveolar pressure so air is…
sucked in
What can be used to measure volume of air moved with each breath?
Spirometer
Tidal Volume (TV)
volume of air moved during a single inspiration or expiration
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Additional volume inpsired after tidal volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Additional volume forcefully exhaled at the end of a normal expiration
Residual Volume (RV)
Volume of air left in lungs after maximal exhalation
Why is RV important?
It holds the stretch of the lungs
Vital Capacity (VC) ? How is it calculated?
Maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of lungs in one breath: IRV + TV + ERV
Total Lung Capacity
Maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible inspiratory effort: VC + RV
What defines a capacity ?
2 or more lung volumes together
Inspiratory Capacity
Amount of air that can be inspired: VT + IRV
Functional Residual Capacity
Amount of air remaining in lungs at the end of a normal expiration: ERV + RV
Anatomical Dead Space
volume of air in trachea not involved in gas exchange
Physiological (or alveolar) Dead Space
Volume of air in all other lung regions that is not involved in gas exchange
In every inhale, what fraction is dead space
1/3
Alveolar ventilation volume (Va)
Volume of air involved in gas exchnage
Increased depth of breathing is more effective than…
increased rate
Intrapleural pressure causes…
the lungs to adhere to the thorax
Compliance
Lung’s ability to stretch
WHere is compliance affected
Cystic Fibrosis = scar tissue build up
A lung that stretches easily (increased compliance and decreased elastance) is like what
An old pair of leggings that doesnt go back to OG shape
Elastance
Ability of lung to return to original shape
WHere is elastance affected
Emphasyma/COPD - have to forcefull push it out of lungs like a plastic bag
Surfactant
allows small alveoli to not collapse which increases SA for gas exchange - reduces SA in small alveoli
Law of LaPlace states…
the pressure is a function of the surface tension of the fluid and the radius of the bubble, creating pressure in the interior of the bubble
What is treatment for premature babies
artifical surfactant and ventilation
