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MCAT PSYCH > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

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1
Q

Sclera

A

Most of exposed portion, or whites, of the eye
Does not cover cornea

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2
Q

Choroidal vessels

A

Supply the eye with nutrients (blood vessel)

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3
Q

Retinal vessels

A

Supply eye with nutrients (blood vessel)

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4
Q

Retina

A

Innermost layer and contains actual photoreceptors that transduce light into electrical information the brain can process

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5
Q

Cornea

A

Light passes first through here
Clear domelike window
Gathers and focuses incoming light

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6
Q

Ant chamber

A

The front of the eye that lies in front of the iris

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7
Q

Post chamber

A

between the iris and the lens

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8
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of the eye
Composed of-
dilator pupillae: opens the pupil under sympathetic stimulation
constrictor pupillae: constricts the pupil under parasympathetic stimulation

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9
Q

Coroid

A

Continuous with the iris
Surrounds and provides nourishment to the retina

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10
Q

Ciliary body

A

Continuous with the iris
Produced aqueous humor and drains into the canal of Schlemm

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11
Q

Lens

A

Behind iris and controls light refraction

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12
Q

Ciliary muscle

A

Contraction is under parasympathetic control
Pulls on the suspensory ligaments and changes the shape of the lens to focus on an image as the distance varies (accommodation)

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13
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Behind lens
Transparent gel that supports retina

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14
Q

Retina

A

Back of the eye and consists of neural elements and blood vessels
Convert incoming photons into electrical signals
Rods and cones

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15
Q

Cones

A

Color vision and fine details
Best work in brightness
S blue
M green
L red

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16
Q

Rods

A

Sensitive
Only contain rhodopsin
Only allow sensation of light or dark
Spread over a much larger area of the retina than cones

17
Q

Macula

A

Central section of the retina
High concentration of cones
The very center is called the fovea
Visual acuity is best at fovea due to high concentration of cones

18
Q

Optic disk

A

Blind spot
Region devoid of photoreceptors

19
Q

How do rods and cones transmit information to the optic nerve?

A

Synapse directly onto bipolar cells (in front of rods and cones) which then synapse with ganglion cells the axons of which form the optic nerve

20
Q

horizontal cells and amacrine cells

A

modulate the information flow from photoreceptors (PRs) to bipolar cells (BCs) in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and from BCs to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)

21
Q

Visual pathway

A

An object to your left then photons from it stimulate the right side of retina in each eye

22
Q

Optic chiasm

A

Retinal fibers from each eye travel through the optic nerves toward the brain
Nasal fibers from the left and right eyes cross paths
Because temporal fibers are already on the correct side there is no need to cross them
These reorganized pathways are called optic tracts after leaving the optic chiasm

23
Q

From the optic chiasm the information goes…

A

to nerves that pass through the LGN of the thalamus where they synapse w nerves that then pass through radiations in the temporal and parietal lobes to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe

other nerves skip this and head directly to superior colliculi in midbrain which control reflexive responses

24
Q

Parallel processing

A

The brains ability to analyze information regarding color, form, motion, and depth simultaneously using independent pathways in the brain

25
Q

Form processing

A

Neurons carrying info from the fovea and surrounding central portion of the retina synapse w parvocellular cells in the LGN
these cells have v high color spatial resolution
work only w slow or stationary objects bc low temporal resolution

26
Q

Motion detection processing

A

Magnocellular cells have high temporal resolution
Predominantly receive input from our periphery
Low spatial resolution

27
Q

Depth perception processing

A

Specialized cells in the visual cortex known as binocular neurons

28
Q

Feature detectors

A

Each one detects a very particular individual feature of an object in the visual field

MCAT PSYCH (12 decks)

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