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Introduction To Neuroscience > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

Contain photopigments, which break down in presence of light

A

Retina has two light-sensitive receptors

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2
Q
  • is extremely sensitive to light
  • function well in dim light, poorly in bright light
  • do not distinguish color
  • In peripheral retina
A

Rods contain rhodopsin

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3
Q

-requires bright light to function
-do well in daylight, not dim light
-3 types, each responds to different wavelength
-In central retina (fovea)

A

Cones contain iodopsin

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4
Q

-Amacrine cells
-Horizontal cells

A

Two types of lateral processing cells

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5
Q

contact bipolar and ganglion cells

A

Amacrine cells

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6
Q

contact photoreceptors and bipolar cells

A

Horizontal cells

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7
Q

All cell types except ganglion cells generate graded potentials

A

Ganglion cells fire action potentials

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8
Q

how much of the visual world one receptor can see

A

Receptive fields of rods and cones

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9
Q

-receptive fields of GCs are large
-many share a ganglion cell
-enhances their already greater sensitivity to light
-reduces their acuity

A

Rods

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10
Q

-receptive fields of GCs are small
-fewer attach to each ganglion cell
-in the fovea, each has its own ganglion cell
-visual acuity-ability to see details-is high

A

Cones

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11
Q

When light strikes rhodopsin

A

Retinal is activated

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12
Q

-RPE65 is defective; photoreceptors degenerate
-gene therapy can treat this disease

A

Leber’s congenital optic degeneration

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13
Q

-light closes sodium channels
-hyperpolarizes
-turns rods off

A

Transduction

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14
Q

Mary Cassatt

A

Mach effect

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15
Q

Inhibiting one’s neighbors produces contrast

A

Lateral inhibition

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16
Q
  1. Retina
  2. Optic chiasm
  3. Lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus)
  4. Visual cortex (occipital lobe)
A

Visual pathways

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17
Q
  1. An on-center/off-surround cell
  2. An off-center/on-surround cell
A

Neurons in retina have two types of receptive fields

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18
Q
  1. LGN (thalamus)
  2. Visual cortex (V1-V5)
  3. Secondary Visual Cortex
A

Three stages of vision processing

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19
Q

-Parvocellular
-Magnocellular
-Koniocellular

A

LGN has 3 cell types

20
Q

-small cells
-small receptive fields

A

Parvocellular

21
Q

-large cells
-large receptive fields

A

Magnocellular

22
Q

-layers with very small cells
-between main layers

A

Koniocellular

23
Q

Where pathway

A

Parietal Cortex

24
Q

What pathway

A

Infero-temporal Cortex (IT)

25
Q

Where most visual information first arrives

A

Primary visual cortex (V1) in occipital cortex

26
Q

Brain maps of visual space are mostly devoted to

A

Fovea

27
Q

-simple cortical cells
-complex cortical cells

A

Brain maps of visual space are mostly devoted to the fovea

28
Q

Respond to an edge or bar of a particular width, orientation, and location

A

Simple cortical cells

29
Q

Respond to a bar of a particular width and orientation, but it may be anywhere in the visual field (location independent)

A

Complex cortical cells

30
Q

Classified as simple or complex, depending on their receptive fields

A

V1 cells are

31
Q

receive input from neurons in the lateral geniculate

A

simple cortical neurons

32
Q

receive input from simple cortical cells

A

Complex neurons

33
Q

Perceives objects so it is needed to form all visual images

A

V1 (primary visual cortex)

34
Q

perceive complex form

A

V2, V4, and the inferior temporal lobe

35
Q

Specialized for motor perception

A

V5

36
Q

Organized in columns and slabs

A

V1 is

37
Q

A region of cortex with greater synaptic input from one eye

A

Ocular dominance column

38
Q

Color, shape, location

A

3 inputs of vision at once

39
Q

-Parallel processing
-V1 breaks down the visual image into components

A

Primary Visual Cortex

40
Q

Breaks down the visual image into components

A

V1

41
Q

-“fills in the gaps”
-much of vision is extrapolating (predicting) from what is actually ‘seen’

A

V2

42
Q

-respond to concentric and radial stimuli
-involved in color perception

A

V4

43
Q

A regular polygon of infinite number of sides

A

Circle

44
Q

-Spatial location and action
-where pathway

A

Dorsal Pathway

45
Q

-characteristics of objects
-what pathway

A

Ventral Pathway

46
Q

-dorsal pathway
-MT, V2

A

Parietal lobe

47
Q

-ventral pathway
-V4, V2

A

Temporal lobe

Introduction To Neuroscience (4 decks)

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