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Drilling Fluids Test Material > Viscosifiers - Week 2 > Flashcards

Viscosifiers - Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Milgel - Composition

A

Premium grade bentonite. Not a pure bentonite

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2
Q

Milgel - Primary Function

A

Provides viscosity in water based muds

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3
Q

Milgel - Secondary Function

A

Aids in filtration control by reducing the permeability of the filter cake

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4
Q

Milgel - Features and Benefits

A
  • There are API specifications for viscosity, filtration, moisture and particle size
  • the specific gravity of bentonite clays are usually in the range of 2.5-2.65
  • Clays are colloidal in size - less than 2 microns
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5
Q

Milgel - Limitations

A
  • High total hardness and/or chloride concentrations in the base water will reduce the yield of smectite clays
  • Prehydration of the clays in fresh water are recommended under these conditions
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6
Q

Milgel - Treatment

A

A concentration of 20 Ib/bbl in fresh water will provide a minimum apparent viscosity of 10 centipoise and a maximum API filtrate of 12.5 cc. Amounts will vary according to viscosity needs

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7
Q

Milgel NT- Composition

A

Premium grade natural Wyoming bentonite (Absorbent phyllosilicate)

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8
Q

Milgel NT- Primary Function

A

Provides viscosity in water based muds

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9
Q

Milgel NT- Secondary Function

A
  • Aids in filtration control by reducing the permeability of the filter cake
  • Lubricant
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10
Q

Milgel NT- Features and Benefits

A

Also aids in the high temperature/ high pressure filtration properties of water based mud

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11
Q

Milgel NT- Treatment

A

A concentration of 25Ib/bbl in frest water will provide a minimum apparent viscosity of 10 centipoise and a maximum API filtrate of 12.5 cc. Amounts will vary according to viscosity needs.

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12
Q

Milgel NT- Limitations

A

High total hardness and/or chloride concentrations in the base water will reduce the yield of smectite clays. Prehydration of the clays in fresh water are recommended under the conditions.

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13
Q

Salt Water Gel - Composition

A

Attapulgite Gel - magnesium aluminium phyllosilicate

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14
Q

Salt Water Gel - Primary Function

A

Provides viscosity for fresh to saturated salt water fluids

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15
Q

Salt Water Gel - Secondary Function

A

High solids squeeze plugs for loss of circulation

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16
Q

Salt Water Gel - Features and Benefits

A
  • Specific gravity of 2.2- 2.4
  • light tan to grey powder
  • bulk density of 44 Ib/kg^3 (705 kg/m^3)
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17
Q

Salt Water Gel - Limitations

A
  • Viscosity increases are dependent on the amount of shear or agitation availible
  • no fluid loss control
  • API specifications for viscosity, moisture, and particle size
18
Q

Salt Water Gel - Treatment

A

A concentration of 20 Ib/bbl in fresh water will provide a minimum apparent viscosity of 15 centipoise

19
Q

Super-Col - Composition

A

Highly treated, premium grade Wyoming Bentonite

20
Q

Super-Col - Secondary Function

A

Provides some fluid loss control

21
Q

Super-Col - Features and Benefits

A
  • Especially useful in areas where transportation costs are high or where storage is limited
  • Rapid yield (4-5 minutes) is helpful when mixing large quantities of mud to quickly combat lost circulation
  • Produces more shear thinning fluid due a lower solids content and the presence of a polymer
22
Q

Super-Col - Primary Function

A

Provides viscosity in water based muds

23
Q

Super-Col - Limitations

A
  • Maintain total hardness less than 100 mg/L

- pH must be kept in range 8.5-11.5

24
Q

Super-Col - Treatment

A

A concentration of 12-15 Ib/bbl in fresh water will provide a funnel viscosity of 30-35 sec/qt

25
Q

Xan-Plex - Composition

A

High molecular weight xanthan gum biopolymer

26
Q

Xan-Plex - Primary Function

A

Provides viscosity in fresh, sea water, NaCl, and KCl Brines

27
Q

Xan-Plex - Secondary Function

A

Can be cross-linked with heavy metal compounds to be used in fracturing

28
Q

Xan-Plex - Limitation

A
  • May need a bactericide to prevent biodegradation
  • Mix slowly (25-30 min/sack) to prevent globules (fish eyes)
  • At pH above 10.0 the polymer becomes more sensitive to soluble calcium and may precipitate out of solution
29
Q

Xan-Plex - Features and Benefits

A

-Produces a highly shear-thinnning, non-newtonian fluid. -One of the few polymers to build gel structures and therefore can be weighted

30
Q

Xan-Plex D - Composition

A

High molecular weight xanthan gum biopolymer with dispersing agent

31
Q

Xan-Plex D - Primary Function

A

Provides viscosity in fresh, sea water, NaCl, and KCl Brines

32
Q

Xan-Plex D - Secondary Function

A

Can be cross-linked with heavy metal compounds to be used in fracturing

33
Q

Xan-Plex D - Features and Benefits

A
  • Produces a highly shear-thinnning, non-newtonian fluid.

- One of the few polymers to build gel structures and therefore can be weighted

34
Q

Xan-Plex D - Limitations

A
  • May need a bactericide to prevent biodegradation
  • Mix slowly (25-30 min/sack) to prevent globules (fish eyes)
  • At pH above 10.0 the polymer becomes more sensitive to soluble calcium and may precipitate out of solution
35
Q

Xan-Plex D - Treatment

A

Initially .2-2.0 Ib/bbl

36
Q

Xan-Plex L - Composition

A

Liquid xanthan gum biopolymer

37
Q

Xan-Plex L - Primary Function

A

Provides viscosity in fresh, sea water, NaCl, and KCl Brines

38
Q

Xan-Plex L - Secondary Function

A

Can be cross-linked with heavy metal compounds to be used in fracturing

39
Q

Xan-Plex L - Features and Benefits

A
  • Produces a highly shear-thinnning, non-newtonian fluid.
  • One of the few polymers to build gel structures and therefore can be weighted
  • Especially useful in DKD operations where a fast hydrating product is needed
40
Q

Xan-Plex L - Limitations

A
  • May need a bactericide to prevent biodegradation
  • Mix slowly (10-15 min/pail) to prevent globules (fish eyes)
  • At pH above 10.0 the polymer becomes more sensitive to soluble calcium and may precipitate out of solution
41
Q

Xan-Plex L - Treatment

A

Initially .5-3.5 Ib/bbl

42
Q

Xan-Plex - Treatment

A

Initially .2-2.0 Ib/bbl

Drilling Fluids Test Material (6 decks)

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