Viscera of the Neck

Question 1

What are the three regions of the subclavian artery?

Answer 1

Region 1–origin of the vessel to the anterior scalene
Region 2–area under anterior scalene
Region 3–from anterior scalene to rib 1

Question 2

Where does the vertebral artery run?

Answer 2

It leaves the first region of the subclavian artery, then enters the transverse foramen of C6 to go up into foramen magnum

Question 3

What are the three branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Answer 3

Suprascapular, transverse cervical, inferior thyroid

Question 4

Near what anatomical landmark does the common carotid divide?

Answer 4

Near the upper border of the thyroid cartilage

Question 5

What two features are at the bifurcation of the common carotid and what is their function?

Answer 5

The carotid sinus has baroreceptors; the carotid body has chemoreceptors

Question 6

Near what anatomical feature does the first branch of the external carotid branch?

Answer 6

The superior thyroid branches at the greater horn of the thyroid cartilage

Question 7

Near what anatomical feature does the second branch of the external carotid branch?

Answer 7

The lingual artery branches near the greater horn of the hyoid

Question 8

What are the five main branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 8

Superior thyroid, lingual, facial, maxillary, superficial temporal

Question 9

From what nerves does the superior root of the ansa cervicalis emerge?

Answer 9

The hypoglossal nerve contributes as does C1-C2

Question 10

What muscles are innervated by the superior root of the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 10

Geniohyoid, thyrohyoid

Question 11

From what nerves does the inferior root of ansa cervicalis emerge?

Answer 11

C2-C3

Question 12

What muscles are innervated by the inferior root of ansa cervicalis?

Answer 12

Infrahyoid muscles

Question 13

How do sympathetic nerves travel in the neck?

Answer 13

Since the sympathetic bodies terminate at T1, the fibers travel up the cervical sympathetic trunk and leave out the grey rami there; they then go over to the carotid plexus

Question 14

What is the relationship of the phrenic nerve to other structures in the neck?

Answer 14

It runs along the anterior surface of the anterior scalene and deep to the subclavian vein

Question 15

What are the two main functions of the thyroid gland?

Answer 15

Control metabolism by thyroxin

Control calcium metabolism by calcitonin

Question 16

What are the three main veins of the thyroid gland and to where do they go?

Answer 16

Superior/Middle (internal jugular)

Inferior (brachiocephalic)