Viscera Flashcards
Fold of mucosa covering palatoglossus m.
palatoglossal fold
Maxillary sinus
Drains into middle meatus infraorbital, ASA, MSA, PSA n.
Paired cartilage of larynx
Corniculate arytnoid cuneiform
epiglottis
leaf like, posterior to tongue
Where does the nascolacrimal duct drain?
inferior meatus
Arytenoid cartilage
a pyramid shaped cartilage located on the superior margin of the cricoid lamina each is connected to the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage
Median Cricothyroid ligament
inferior margin of thyroid to the cricoid cartilage
Palatopharyngeal fold
fold of mucosa covering the palatopharyngeus m.
lingual n. to submandibular duct
superior and lateral to inferior and medial
Fusion of inferior laminae in median plane “adams apple”
Laryngeal Prominence
The ________ connects the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
lingual frenulum
Cricoid cartilage
large posterior lamina and narrow anterior arch
the _______ are small openings on either side of the lingual frenulum and open from the submandibular ducts.
Sublingual papilla
Boundaries of oral cavity
Cheeks, lips, hard palate, mucosa over mylohyoid palatoglossal arch
Salpingopharngeal fold
Fold just posterior of uvula and posterior-inferior of pharyngotympanic opening
what is sound resonator?
airway
Superior Cornu
the rounded, superior projection of the posterior border of the thyroid lamina
Inferior cornu
posterior laminae border of thyroid cartilage. articulates with cricoid cartilage
what are the small openings on anterior portion of oral cavity that contain sublingual ducts?
sublingual folds
what bones make up the lateral nasal cavity?
Ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine, maxilla nasal bone
Posterior cricoid cartilage
lamina
Arytnoid
shaped like pyramid perched ons superior aspect of lamina of cricoid cart 2 processes: vocal and muscular
What is the promotory?
first turn of chochlea medial wall of middle ear that the nerves rest on.
Laryngeal cavity inferior to vocal folds
Infraglottic cavity
Parotid gland
located anterior to each ear. Produces saliva and delivers that saliva into the mouth via parotid ducts
Posterior cricoarytenoid
from lamina of cricoid cart to muscular process of arytnoid. Causes rotation of artynoid and abduct vocal folds
Oral cavity propper
from inner teeth to palatoglossal fold
Salpingopharyngeal fold
salpingopharyngeal fold contains the salpingopharyngeus m.
Thyrohyoid membrane
Superior border and superior cornu of thyroid cartilage attaches to the hyoid.
Circothryoid lig
Median and lateral, from cricoid cart and thryoid cart anteriorly
purpose of concha
stir up air to get the small to the olfactory neurons increase surface to warm air and add moisture
Thyroid cart
left and right lamina that fuse along midline with superior and inferior cornu (more lateral aspect)
Sphenoethmoidal recess
opening for sphenoid sinus lies superior posterior to superior concha
Root of tongue
attaches to posterior portion of mandibule nearly vertical between mandible and hyoid
Where does the maxillary sinus drain?
Middle meatus
Sublingual papilla
openings from submandibular ducts found on each side of lingual frenulum
what is sound source on larynx?
vocal folds
posterior ethmoidal air cells
drains into superior meatus posterior ethmoidal n.
Oropharyngeal isthmus
part of the oropharynx directly behind the mouth cavity, bounded superiorly by the soft palate, laterally by the palatoglossal arches, and inferiorly by the tongue.
Ceniform Carilage
paired cartilages that sit on top of and move with the arytenoids. They are located above and in front of the corniculate cartilages Covered by the aryepiglottic folds
Thyroid laminae
a broad flat plate of cartilage forming one side of the thyroid cartilage; two laminae fuse anteriorly in the midline to form the thyroid cartilage
Inferior metaus
opening of nasolacrimal duct
Where do the anterior air cells drain?
Middle meatus just posterior to ethmoidal bulla
What is covered by aryepiglottic folds?
cuneiform cartilage
what direction does muscular process on arytnoid face?
laterally
four small endocrine glands located on the posterior surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
what bones make up the nasal septum?
Ethmoid perpendicular plate, Vomer, part of palatine, maxilla, and septal cartilage
Sublingual folds
small folds on anterior portion of oral cavity floor that contain sublingual ducts
Why do men have an adams apple?
before puberty, thyroid cartilage is the same size between men and women Testosterone causes an increase in thyroid cartilage growth
Tongue/larynx in chimps and humans
In humans, tongue is much larger. Thus, when we move our heads upward, there isn’t enough room for larynx to be so high, so it much drop lower. greater risk of choking, but increased verbalization capability
Aryepiglottic folds
Cover the Cuneiform cartilage and are inferior and lateral to epiglottis
Vocal Folds
Control sound production projects medially into laryngeal cavity
Pharyngeal tonsil
a mass of lymphatic tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the throat.
what types of teeth do we have?
3 molars 2 premolars 1 canine 2 incisors one ach dise and top and bottom
why do men have a lower voice?
vocal lig are attached to the thyroid cargilate and causes a lower pitched voice
Infraglottic Cavity
Laryngeal cavity inferior to vocal folds
Ligament attaching between thyroid cart and hyoid
thyrohyoid membrane
what is your adams apple called?
laryngeal prominence
Can humans drink and break at same time?
Yes as infants because epiglottis is touching soft palate
Where do the posterior air cells drain?
superior metaus
Pharyngeal recess
posterior to the salpingopharyngeal fold
Function of larynx
voice porduction guard air passages and serves as sphincter or valve during swallowing
Ventricle of Larynx
laryngeal cavity between vestibular and vocal folds
Forces inspiration vocal folds
vocal folds abducted vestibule open
Inner ear
stimulus transduction from mechanical mvmt of petrous temporal bone into action potentials
glottis
space between vocal folds into infraglottic cavity of larynx
Superior border and superior cornu of thyroid cartilage attaches to the hyoid
Thyrohyoid membrane
What are the three salivary glands?
Parotid sublingual submandibular
Purpose of sinuses?
Keep the weight of the frontal aspect of the skull light to keep our head upright
submandibular gland.
Along mandible,located superior and deep to mylohyoid has opening into sub-mandibular duct produces saliva
Ethmoidal air cells
Most middle and anterior of the sinuses anterior grow overtime into the frontal bone to create the frontal sinus
fold of mucosa covering the palatopharyngeus m.
Palatopharyngeal fold
what is the order of the inner ear bones from laterally to medially?
Malleus, incus, stapes
What forms the borders of the laryngeal inlet
Cuneiform cart (latera) Corniculate Cart (posterior) epiglottis (anerior)
ring shaped cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage on trachea thicker and stronger than thryoid
Cricoid cartilage
Ludwig’s Angina
Infection of floor of oral cavity, under tongue associated with lower tooth abscess
what extends between thyroid and arytenoid cartilage?
Vestibular folds
Paranasal Sinuses
outgrowths of nasal epithelium mucosa onto adjacent bones
Spread of infection from the mouth
Can invade into the submandibular fossa also can spread via the stylogossus m. into the parapharyngeal space and retropharyngeal space and into mediastinsum
a small cartilage located on the apex of the arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Lingual frenulum
Connects tongue to the floor of oral cavity
Corniculate cartilage
very tip of arytnoid cart
Piriform Recess
Piriform Recess a depression on either side of the laryngeal inlet - a location where foreign bodies (steak, hot dogs, etc.) frequently lodge and can obstruct the flow of air!
inferior margin of thyroid to the cricoid cartilage
Median cricothyroid ligament
posterior laminae border of thyroid cartilage. articulates with cricoid cartilage
Inferior Cornu
Phonation vocal folds
Vocal folds adducted vestibule open
how is auditory signal amplified in middle ear?
large tympanic membrane to the small oval window
Action of Cricothyroid
extends from cricoid cart to thyroid cart moves thyroid anteriorly to tense vocal ligament and increase pitch
Crown of tooth
the part that sicks out of the gums
Middle ethmoidal air cells
drains into middle meatus vis hiatus semilunaris anterior and posterior ethmoidal n.
extends between vocal folds and superior border of cricoid cartilage
lateral circothyroid ligament
How is impedence mismatch overcome in hearing?
incus, stapes, and malleus are arranged thighly and movement of tympanic membrane amplified movement of these bones.
Vestibule of largynx
laryngeal cavity superior to vestibular folds
Middle ear
amp and impedance matching between air and water
laryngeal cavity between vestibular and vocal folds
Ventricle of larynx
What direction does vocal process on artynoid face?
anteriorly
part of the oropharynx directly behind the mouth cavity, bounded superiorly by the soft palate, laterally by the palatoglossal arches, and inferiorly by the tongue.
Oropharyngeal isthmus
where do the sphenoidal sinuses drain?
sphenoethmoidal recess
Cuneiform cartilage
small cartilaginous nodule located in the aryepiglottic fold
Vestibule of oral cavity
Space between lips, cheeks, teeth and associated gingiva
Corniculate cartilage
a small cartilage located on the apex of the arytenoid cartilage Found at base of aryepiglottic fold
where does thyroid cart articulate with circoid?
inferior cornu of thyroid
laryngeal cavity superior to vestibular folds
vestibule of larynx
a pyramid shaped cartilage located on the superior margin of the cricoid lamina
Arytenoid Cartilage
Where does the Frontal Sinus Drain?
Into the middle meatus
cricoid cartilage
the inferior & posterior cartilage of the larynx; it forms a complete cartilaginous ring; its arch projects anteriorly and its lamina is broad and flat posteriorly
Angles that point posteriorly on tongue towards the foramen caecum
sulcus terminalis
External ear
sound collection, transmission to cranium and amplification
Thryoarytenoid m.
mist medial and slacks tightened vocal cord to change ptich
Transverse and Oblique arytenoid m. actions
Contractions and glides medially to tighten vestibule of larynx
Effort closure of vocal folds
vocal folds cosed vestibular folds closed
Where do the Middle air cells drain?
Middle meatus just anterior to ethmoidal bulla
Palatoglossal fold
Fold of mucosa covering palatoglossus m. connecting soft palate to tongue
ducts of sublingual gland
there are lots of small ducts instead of one large one
Process of mucus in the nose
Epithelium is cilliated with globules that produce mucus Dust and air gest stuck in the mucus cilia beats mucus in posterior direction where it is swallowed
Parathyroid gland
four small endocrine glands located on the posterior surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland
Frontal sinus
drains middel meatus vis fonto-nasal duct innervated by supraorbital n.
small cartilaginous nodule located in the aryepiglottic fold
cuneiform cartilage
what cartilage sits on the arytnoid caart
Corniculate
what defines the velleculae space?
medial and lateral glossoepiglossal folds
Sphenoidal sinus
drains sphenoethmoidal recess posterior ethmoideal n.
Sublingual gland
found on flood between mandible and genioglossus m. produces saliva
Thyroid cartialge
sits in front of larynx and superior to thyroid gland Contains an inferior cornu and superior cornu
movement of arytnoid cart?
A/P, L/M, and rotate laterally
what is sound radiator?
mouth
Median glossoepiglottic fold
fold of mucosa located between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis
Three unpaired cartilage of larynx?
epiglottis thryoid cart cricoid cart
small divit in the back of the tongue that has sulcus terminalis leading to it.
foramen caecum
fold of mucosa located between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis
median glossoepiglottic fold
Anterior ethmoidal air cells
Drain into middle meatus via froto-nasal duct innervated by anterior ethmoidal n.
Swallowing
1) Tongue moves bolus posteriorly by styloglossus contraction, palate elevated by levator palatini, tensor palatini prevents too much upward movement, superior contstrictor prevents movement into nasopharynx 2) palatoglossal contracts to project bolus into valleculae 3) hyoid bone elevated towards chin forces epiglottis downward 4) vocal folds and vestibular folds are adducted to shut of laryngeal inlet, bolus is deflected from voleculla and down piriform recess and into exophagus
Superior meatus
openings to posterior ethmoidal cells narrow passage between superior and middle nasal conchae
Toris tube
Cartilaginous end of auditory tube
Small bumps on the back of the tongue
lingual tonsils
Middle metaus
opening of ethmoidal air cells opening of nasofrontal duct haitus semilunarus opening (ostium) of maxillary sinus
Why is the cavernous sinus connected to our nose?
Originally, animals needed to run long distances and the CS was a means of cooling blood before it reached the brain.
depression on either side of the laryngeal inlet
Piriform Recess
Anterior cricoid cartilage
arch
Lateral circoarytnoid m.
lateral aspcect of cricoid cart to muscular process of aryntoid to rotate and adduct vocal folds
Vestibular folds
extend between thyroid and arytenoid cartilage
Path of submandbiular gland
wraps around posterior border to mylohyoid and opens in sublingual caruncle
posterior to the salpingopharyngeal fold
pharyngeal recess
Laryngeal prominence
Fusion of inferior laminae in median plane “adams apple”
Vestibular folds
False folds, just superior to vocal folds
Vocal folds in quiet respiration
open relaxed
where doe the submandibular ducts open into the mouth
sublingual caruncle, just lateral of frenulum of tongue
