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Anatomy Head and Neck > Embrylogy > Flashcards

Embrylogy Flashcards

1
Q

what does the mesoderm form for maxillary prom?

A

nothing!

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2
Q

site of opening of thyroglossal duct

A

foramen cecum

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3
Q

What forms stapes?

A

Arch 2 NC

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4
Q

Thyroglossal duct cyst

A

cystic remnant of thyroglossal duct mass at midline of neck at level of hyoid bone. could contain ectopic thyroid tissue

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5
Q

what forms the intermaxillary segment

A

Fusion of maxiallary promience and medial nasal promiences

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6
Q

NC arch 3

A

greater hornu of hyoid body of hyoid

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7
Q

Tooth process after formation

A

Baby/deciduous teeth erupt sequentially from incisors to molars Deciduous and permanent teeth are generated during fetal development and are staggered. Growth of max and mandible is to accommodate 2nd set of tooth buds. Tooth development is crucial to jaw growth

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8
Q

what gives rise to the inferior parathyroid gland?

A

Pharyngeal pouch 3 dorsal

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9
Q

Facial prominences names

A

Frontonasal maxillary mandibular

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10
Q

What is the stylohyoid m. derived from?

A

Arch 2, mesoderm

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11
Q

Cleft lip

A

Intermaxillary failure to fuse with maxillary prominence

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12
Q

what forms styloid process

A

Arch 2 NC

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13
Q

What forms the zygomatic bone?

A

Maxillary prominence NC cells

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14
Q

Nasal Placodes

A

ectodermal thickening of Frontonasal prominence on lateral aspects and skin to give rise to nasal pits

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15
Q

What is the tensor tympani m. derived from?

A

mandibular prominence, mesoderm

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16
Q

what does the mesoderm form for Arch 4?

A

Muscles of soft palate muscles of pharynx proximal right subclavian arch of aorta

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17
Q

Stromodium

A

Opening for the oral cavity

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18
Q

As diverticulum elongates caudally, it remains attached to the tongue and pharynx via the ______ duct.

A

thyroglossal

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19
Q

pharyngeal membrane

A

where ectoderm and endoderm meet

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20
Q

what gives rise to the cervical sinus/

A

Pharyngeal celfts 2-4

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21
Q

What is the posterior digastric m. derived from?

A

Arch 2, mesoderm

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22
Q

Dental buds

A

ectodermal epithelium invaginates at week 8

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23
Q

what gives rise to the ultimopharyngeal body?

A

Pharyngeal pouch 4 ventral

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24
Q

what forms incus?

A

Mandibular prom. NC

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25
Q

Innervation of arch 3?

A

Glossopharyngeal N. Somatosensory and paste to post 1/3 of tongue

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26
Q

Copula

A

also hypobranchial eminence formed by 2nd arch formed posterior to tuberculum impar overtaken by 3rd arch swellings during weeks 5-10

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27
Q

Primary palate

A

formed from intermaxillary segment - fusion of medial nasal prominences anterior, triangular portion

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28
Q

What are the muscles of mastication derived from?

A

Mandibular prominence, mesoderm

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29
Q

What arch forms the maxillary and mandibular prominences?

A

Pharyngeal arch 1

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30
Q

What are the muscles of pharynx derived from?

A

Arch 4, mesoderm

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31
Q

Nasal pits

A

sinking inside the nasal placodes. These later dilate to form nasal sacs

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32
Q

What gives rise to the auditory tube?

A

Pharyngeal pouch 1

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33
Q

What gives rise to the mastoid atrium?

A

Pharyngeal pouch 1

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34
Q

Formation of teeth

A

Dental bud invaginate to form a cap around a dental papilla (incorporated in middle of claw) mesenchyme (neural crest cells) at week 10 Bell Stage: dental papilla elongates to form bell connection for oral epithelium degenerates formation of dentin and enamel

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35
Q

what does the mesoderm form for Arch 3?

A

Stylopharyngeus m. common carotid a proximal internal carotid a.

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36
Q

terminal sulcus

A

fusion between arch 1 and hypopharyngeal emincne

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37
Q

Innervation of Arch 4/6?

A

Vagus Somatosensory and taste of pharynx and larynx and esophagus

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38
Q

Foramen cecum

A

site of opening of thyroglossal duct indentation between post and anterior tongue

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39
Q

how is anterior 2/3 of tongue formed?

A

lateral lingual swellings of 1st pharyngeal arch lined by ectoderm (because arch1 is lined mostly by ectoderm)

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40
Q

Innervation of Arch 2?

A

Facial N. Motor: muscles Sesnory: special sensory taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

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41
Q

What forms great hornu of hyoid?

A

Arch 3 NC

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42
Q

DiGeorge Syn

A

Paryngeal pouch 3-4 pharyngeal arch 1/2 neural crest parathyroid insufficiency - hypocalcium small mandible, cleft palate, small ears, cardiovascular defects

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43
Q

what gives rise to the superior parathyroid gland?

A

Pharyngeal pouch 4 dorsal

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44
Q

Innervation of Arch 1?

A

Trigmeminal N. Motor to muscles Sensory: somatosensation of teeth, face, ant 2/3 of tongue, palate

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45
Q

What does the pharyngeal pouch 2 give rise to?

A

palatine tonsilar bed

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46
Q

What does the lateral nasal prominence form?

A

Alae of nose and fuses with MxP to create smooth facial line Nasolacrimal duct

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47
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression derived from?

A

Arch 2, mesoderm

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48
Q

What makes up arch 1?

A

a maxillary and mandibular crest

49
Q

Nasal prominences

A

elevated regions around the nasal pits. There are both medial and lateral nasal pits

50
Q

What is the pharyngeal arch core made out of?

A

paraxial mesoderm and neural crest mesenchyme

51
Q

What happens during week 6-10 for facial develpment

A

Maxillary prominences grow together and force middle nasal prominenes to fuse and form bridge of nose and intermaxillary senate.

52
Q

What does the neural crest mesenchyme cells form?

A

bone, cartilage, Connective tissue

53
Q

Pyramidal lobe

A

formed by the thyroglossal duct degeneration in week 12

54
Q

What gives rise to the tonsilar bed?

A

Pharyngeal pouch 2

55
Q

Steps in secondary palate formtion

A

Palatine shelves growth caudally to developing tongue around week 9, growth of mandible shifts tongue downward and palatine shelves fuse and swing up and fuse to primary palatine

56
Q

What forms the squamous temporal bone?

A

Maxillary prom. NC cells

57
Q

tongue buds

A

formed by median lingual swellings

58
Q

Olfactory epithelium

A

Derived from diff. cranical ectoderm in nasal cavity

59
Q

innervation of tongue

A

Ant 2/3: somatosensory Lingual from trigeminal taste: from chorda tympani of facial n. motor: hypoglossal n. Post 1/3: Somatosensory: glossopharyngeal and some vagus taste: glossopharyngeal motor: hypoglossal

60
Q

Pharyngeal aparatus

A

at approximately 4 weeks formed by ventral migration of neural crest cells contributes to face, jaw, ear, and neck form from cranial to caudal

61
Q

what forms sylohyoid lig

A

Arch2 NC

62
Q

what forms body of hyoid?

A

Arch 3 NC

63
Q

Cleft palate

A

Failure to fuse of secondary and primary palates (intermaxillary and maxillary)

64
Q

Maxillary arch Neural crest cells form:

A

maxilla, zygomatic and squamous temporal bone

65
Q

What gives rise to the tympanic cavity?

A

Pharyngeal pouch 1

66
Q

NC arch 4/5

A

laryngeal cartilage (thryoid and cricoid cart)

67
Q

what does the intermaxillary segment give rise to?

A

Philtrum (upper lip) Upper jaw with 4 incisors primary palate (triangular poriton)

68
Q

What does the paraxial mesoderm form?

A

arch artery, skeletal muscle, drag in neuronal component

69
Q

Fungiform

A

lingual papillae large mushroom like among filiform has taste buds made of CY that project outward

70
Q

what forms the bridge of the nose?

A

fusion of medial nasal prominences

71
Q

Treacher collins syndrome

A

Pharyngeal arch 1 affected hyopastic zygomatic arch, small lower jaw

72
Q

Secondary palate

A

complete by 12 weeks fusion of palatine shelves forms hard palate and all of soft formed by outgrowths of maxillary prominence

73
Q

What does the pharyngeal pouch 4 give rise to?

A

ventral (ultimopharyngeal body (parafollicular cells of thyroid that give rise to calcitonin) dorsal (superior parathyroid gland)

74
Q

What are the muscles of laryngeal derived from?

A

Arch 6, mesoderm

75
Q

Whats forms malleus?

A

Mandibular prom. NC

76
Q

Peirre-Robin syn

A

Pharyngeal Arch 1 affected with mandibular prominence neural crest cells hypoplastic mandible Secondarly effect celft palate tongue is dorsally displaced so it influences breathing

77
Q

Pharyngeal pouch

A

separates arches with endoderm

78
Q

what is the esophagus skeletal m. dervied from?

A

Arch 6, mesoderm

79
Q

Filiform

A

lingual papillae most numerous on anterior 2/3 of tongue formed by thickened epithelial tissue No taste buds - grip food

80
Q

What are the anterior digastric derived from?

A

mandibular prominence, mesoderm

81
Q

Hypopharyngeal emince

A

poster 1/3 of tongue. formed by arches 3-4 covered in endoderm

82
Q

Foliate

A

lingual papillae short vertical folds on posterior side of tongue contain taste buds have 8-12 of them in front of sulcus terminalis

83
Q

What gives rise to the tympanic membrane?

A

membrane 1

84
Q

what does the mesoderm form for mandibular prom?

A

Muscles of mastification: masseter, temporal, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani maxillary artery

85
Q

What forms thyroid cart

A

Arch 4, NC

86
Q

Pharyngeal cleft/groove

A

separates arches with ectoderm

87
Q

What does the pharyngeal pouch 3 give rise to?

A

ventral (thymus) dorsal (inferior parathyroid gland)

88
Q

what gives rise to cervical vesicle?

A

Arches 2-4 - degenerates with time

89
Q

What is the stylopharyngeus m. derived from?

A

Arch 3, mesoderm

90
Q

what does pharyngeal cleft 1 give rise to?

A

external auditory meatus

91
Q

What is the mylohyoid m. derived from?

A

mandibular prominence, mesoderm

92
Q

What are the muscles of soft palate derived from?

A

Arch 4, mesoderm

93
Q

What forms cricoid cart

A

Arch 6, NC

94
Q

Types of lingual papillae

A

filiform fungiform foliate circumvallate

95
Q

What forms palatine shelves

A

outgrowth of max prominence by neural crest mesenchyme

96
Q

What does the maxillary prominence form during fusion of intermaxillary?

A

Ventral: smooth upper lip Dorsal: 1 and 2 palate fusion

97
Q

Nasal sacs give rise to

A

fusion at midline to from single nasal cavity separated by oral cavity by oronasal membrane

98
Q

What gives rise to the external auditory meatus?

A

Cleft 1

99
Q

Circumvallate

A

lingual papillae done structures on lateral wall taste buds have glands that flush away tonsils to free buds for new flavors

100
Q

Fate of the oronasal membrane

A

ruptures dorsal to the primary palate and becomes continuous. This opening in the primorida choana. after birth, secondary plates close to separate nasal from oral cavity

101
Q

median sulcus formation

A

fusion between 2 lingual swellings

102
Q

Dentin

A

produced from NCMesenchyme that gives rise to odontoblasts gives shape of tooth

103
Q

what does the mesoderm form for Arch 6?

A

laryngeal muscles sk muscle of esophagus ductus arteriosus

104
Q

thyroglossal duct

A

As diverticulum elongates caudally, it remains attached to the tongue and pharynx via this duct.

105
Q

What does the pharyngeal pouch 1 give rise to?

A

tympanic cavity, mastoid atrium, auditory tube

106
Q

midline thyroid diverticulum

A

endoderm between pharyngeal arch 1 and 2 invaginate caudally and differentiate into follicular cells to form a thyroid gland.

107
Q

Mandibular arch neural crest cells form:

A

Mandible, malleus, incus, anterior ligament of malleus, meckel’s cartilage

108
Q

NC of Arch 2

A

lesser cornu of hyoid stylohyoid lig styloid process stapes

109
Q

Enamel

A

created from outer epithelial/ectoderm differentiation into ameloblasts Ameloblasts are sloughed off when teeth erupt

110
Q

Dental lamina

A

formed in epithelium of mandible and maxilla in mucosa lining

111
Q

Oblique cleft

A

Failure of maxillary sinus to fuse with lateral prominences

112
Q

Tuberculum impar

A

medal lingual swellings of arch 1 enlargement to form buccal part of tongue

113
Q

Development of tongue timeline

A

Week 4 Skeletal muscles of tongue from paraxial mesoderm

114
Q

what does the mesoderm form for Arch 2?

A

Muscles of facial expression posterior belly of digastric stylohyoid m.

115
Q

What forms meckel’s cart?

A

Mandibualr prom NC

116
Q

What gives rise to the thymus?

A

Ventral Pharyngeal pouch 3

117
Q

What forms lesser cornu of hyoid

A

arch 2 NC

118
Q

what does pharyngeal membrane 1 give rise to?

A

tympanic membrane

Anatomy Head and Neck (11 decks)

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