Viruses, Prokaryotes, Protists, and Fungi (Ch. 21)

Question 1

Why were Bacteria and Archaea considered the same until the 1970s?

Answer 1

They are both prokaryotic organisms, meaning it was easy to think they were the same.

Question 2

What are the differences between Bacteria and Archaea?

Answer 2

Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls and are prokaryotic organisms, while Archaea have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Question 3

What are protists? Give characteristics and define role in the environment.

Answer 3

single-celled organisms of the kingdom Protista, their role in the ecosystem is recycling nutrients and maintaining biodiversity

Question 4

How do protists move?

Answer 4

With the help of flagella, pseudopods, or cilia

Question 5

What is mycorrhizae?

Answer 5

A symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi

Question 6

What can happen if there is an overuse of antibiotics?

Answer 6

It can create bacteria that are harder to kill

Question 7

What are emerging diseases?

Answer 7

An emerging disease is a disease that is spreading to new areas or increasing in the number of people affected.

Question 8

What are the sources of emerging diseases?

Answer 8

Environmental factors, behavioral trends in individuals,
changes in the characteristics of disease-causing agents,
unsafe and inadequate healthcare practices

Question 9

What are bacterial diseases?

Answer 9

When bacteria enters an organism’s body.

Question 10

What are some signs in a person with a bacterial disease?

Answer 10

Coughing, sneezing, fever, inflammation, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, or cramping

Question 11

What are fungi? Give characteristics and define role in the environment.

Answer 11

Eukaryotic, non-vascular, non-motile and heterotrophic organisms whose role is to be decomposers

Question 12

What is conjugation? What does it look like?

Answer 12

the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact, it looks like two cylinders touching and the genetic material moving to the other cylinder

Question 13

What happens in lytic and lysogenic infections?

Answer 13

Lytic infections are when the host gene is taken over and copies are made immediately, while lysogenic infections lie dormant until activated.

Question 14

What happens in the cell cycle when cancer occurs?

Answer 14

uncontrolled cell division