Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (Ch. 9 and 10) Flashcards
How does ADP turn into ATP?
By adding a third phosphate to ADP
What are chemotrophs, heterotrophs, and autotrophs?
an organism that gets their energy grom chemicals, organisms that get food from other organisms, and organisms that make their own food.
During photosynthesis, what are the changes in matter and energy between the products and reactants?
H20 is released as O2, and CO2 is turned into sugar - NADPH becomes NADP+ by turning ADP into ATP
Light -> Chemical Energy
What are the properties of chlorophyll?
A green pigment that absorbs light energy
What is the structure of a chloroplast?
Chlorophyll containing thylakoids that stack to become Grana, surrounded by the “cytoplasm” of a chloroplast called the stroma
What are the properties of NADP+?
A carrier molecule that CAN hold two high energy electrons and a hydrogen ion
What is NADPH?
A carrier molecule that IS actively carrying two high energy electrons and a hydrogen ion
What is light’s role in photosynthesis?
Giving energy for the process of ADP to ATP conversion
to turn molecules into sugar
What are the properties of photosynthesis?
A process that uses light to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugars and oxygen
Carbon - glucose and co2
Water - oxygen and glucose
What is the role of glucose in photosynthesis?
The sugar that is the end product of photosynthesis, used as food
How do electrons move in the electron transport chain during photosynthesis?
H20 splits inside the thylakoid space, and the electrons are powered in photosystem II by light energizing them. An electron transport chain carries the electrons to photosystem I, and re-energizes them after the first transport chain. A second electron transport chain takes these electrons to NADP+ so that it may create NADPH.
What is Photosystem I and II?
Places along the electron transport chain that are where electrons become energized. Photosystem II comes before Photosystem I.
What is the role of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis?
To create NADPH and ATP
(Electron carrier)
What is a light independent reaction vs. a light dependent reaction?
Light dependent reactions main goal is to store energy, light independent reactions main goal is to create glucose, which it cannot do without the energy from light dependent reactions.
What must happen for ATP synthase to function properly?
There must be more hydrogen ions inside the thylakoid space than outside of it (a concentration difference)
What are products and reactants of each phase of photosynthesis?
Light dependent: Reactant put in is H20, product that goes out is Oxygen - Light independent: Reactant put in is Carbon Dioxide (C02) and product is Glucose/Sugar
Carbon is a 6 molecule not 3
How is energy released in the bonds of foods when eating?
Cellular respiration.
(Breaking the bonds)
What is glycolysis? What is the final product? How does the process occur repeatedly?
The first stage of cellular respiration, the final product is 2 pyruvic acid , 4 ATP and 4 NADH. It occurs repeatedly because it only takes 2 ATP to go through with the process but the end product creates 4 ATP.
net gain of 2
Where does each step of cellular respiration occur?
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm, the Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, and the electron transport chain occurs in the mitochondria on membrane.
Explain the role of ATP in glycolysis. How many are made? How many are used?
ATP is needed in glycolysis to break down the glucose into pyruvic acid. Four are made, and Two are used.
Explain alcoholic fermentation and its products.
When there is no oxygen, the Krebs cycle cannot run, and NADH cannot deposit it’s electrons. Alcoholic fermentation occurs in yeast, and NADH becomes NAD+ by producing ethyl alcohol and C02.
