Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (Ch. 9 and 10) Flashcards

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1
Q

How does ADP turn into ATP?

A

By adding a third phosphate to ADP

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2
Q

What are chemotrophs, heterotrophs, and autotrophs?

A

an organism that gets their energy grom chemicals, organisms that get food from other organisms, and organisms that make their own food.

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3
Q

During photosynthesis, what are the changes in matter and energy between the products and reactants?

A

H20 is released as O2, and CO2 is turned into sugar - NADPH becomes NADP+ by turning ADP into ATP

Light -> Chemical Energy

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4
Q

What are the properties of chlorophyll?

A

A green pigment that absorbs light energy

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5
Q

What is the structure of a chloroplast?

A

Chlorophyll containing thylakoids that stack to become Grana, surrounded by the “cytoplasm” of a chloroplast called the stroma

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6
Q

What are the properties of NADP+?

A

A carrier molecule that CAN hold two high energy electrons and a hydrogen ion

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7
Q

What is NADPH?

A

A carrier molecule that IS actively carrying two high energy electrons and a hydrogen ion

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8
Q

What is light’s role in photosynthesis?

A

Giving energy for the process of ADP to ATP conversion

to turn molecules into sugar

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9
Q

What are the properties of photosynthesis?

A

A process that uses light to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugars and oxygen

Carbon - glucose and co2
Water - oxygen and glucose

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10
Q

What is the role of glucose in photosynthesis?

A

The sugar that is the end product of photosynthesis, used as food

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11
Q

How do electrons move in the electron transport chain during photosynthesis?

A

H20 splits inside the thylakoid space, and the electrons are powered in photosystem II by light energizing them. An electron transport chain carries the electrons to photosystem I, and re-energizes them after the first transport chain. A second electron transport chain takes these electrons to NADP+ so that it may create NADPH.

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12
Q

What is Photosystem I and II?

A

Places along the electron transport chain that are where electrons become energized. Photosystem II comes before Photosystem I.

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13
Q

What is the role of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis?

A

To create NADPH and ATP
(Electron carrier)

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14
Q

What is a light independent reaction vs. a light dependent reaction?

A

Light dependent reactions main goal is to store energy, light independent reactions main goal is to create glucose, which it cannot do without the energy from light dependent reactions.

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15
Q

What must happen for ATP synthase to function properly?

A

There must be more hydrogen ions inside the thylakoid space than outside of it (a concentration difference)

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16
Q

What are products and reactants of each phase of photosynthesis?

A

Light dependent: Reactant put in is H20, product that goes out is Oxygen - Light independent: Reactant put in is Carbon Dioxide (C02) and product is Glucose/Sugar

Carbon is a 6 molecule not 3

17
Q

How is energy released in the bonds of foods when eating?

A

Cellular respiration.
(Breaking the bonds)

18
Q

What is glycolysis? What is the final product? How does the process occur repeatedly?

A

The first stage of cellular respiration, the final product is 2 pyruvic acid , 4 ATP and 4 NADH. It occurs repeatedly because it only takes 2 ATP to go through with the process but the end product creates 4 ATP.

net gain of 2

19
Q

Where does each step of cellular respiration occur?

A

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm, the Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, and the electron transport chain occurs in the mitochondria on membrane.

20
Q

Explain the role of ATP in glycolysis. How many are made? How many are used?

A

ATP is needed in glycolysis to break down the glucose into pyruvic acid. Four are made, and Two are used.

21
Q

Explain alcoholic fermentation and its products.

A

When there is no oxygen, the Krebs cycle cannot run, and NADH cannot deposit it’s electrons. Alcoholic fermentation occurs in yeast, and NADH becomes NAD+ by producing ethyl alcohol and C02.