Viruses and Viral Life Cycle Flashcards
What are the functions of the capsid protein?
- Protect viral nucleic acid from stress
- Interact specifically with viral nucleic acid for packaging
- Interact with host receptors to allow entry
- Allow for release of nucleic acid upon entry
- Assist in the processes of viral and/or host gene regulation
What are the six steps of the viral life cycle?
- Attachment
- Entry
- Uncoating
- Synthesis of protein and nucleic acid
- Assembly
- Release
Does HIV have a capsid, nucleocapsid, or both?
both
Describe icosahedral protein coats
They are spherical and nucleic acid is limited by the size of the coat
Describe helical protein coats
They are rod shaped and nucleic acid is not limited
Are rotavirus, noravirus, and enterovirus enveloped or nonenveloped?
They are nonenveloped because they are in the GI tract
Are DNA or RNA virus better at latency?
DNA
Hepatitis viruses are all ____ types of viruses that have ____ genome type
different; different
What are the five important Herpesviruses to know?
- HSV-1
- HSV-2
- Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
The herpesviruses have a ____ genome, _____ capsid coat, and ____ an envelope
dsDNA; isocahedral; have
What is the primary infection of HSV-1 and HSV-2?
gingivostomatitis and genital herpes
What is the reactivation infection of HSV-1 and HSV-2?
cold sore and genital herpes
What is the primary infection of Varicella-Zoster virus?
chickenpox
What is the reactivation reaction of VZV?
shingles
What are the two viruses with segmented ssRNA?
Influenza A and rotavirus
What is the eclipse-period of the virus?
no intracellular virions are detected
What is progeny nucleocapsid formation?
accumulation of structural proteins in the same cellular compartment where replication of progeny genomes occurs
Maturation is an additional step required for what kind of virus?
enveloped
What is the cytopathic effect?
alteration of the appearance or death due to the effects of viral replication
What are lentiviruses?
retroviruses that can infect a non-dividing cell (HIV)
What are the two main proteins involved in the adsorption and entry of HIV into the cell?
GP120 binds to the CD4 receptor allowing GP41 to interact with CCR5 or CXCR4
What is the main capsid protein of HIV?
p24
What are the three enzymes carried by HIV?
Reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease
