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Immunology Block > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Acyclovir is used for the treatment of which viruses?

A

HSV-1 and 2 as well as VZV (little to no in vivo activity against other herpesviruses)

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2
Q

What makes acyclovir a great choice?

A

Greater affinity for viral polymerase than cellular polymerase

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3
Q

What has to happen to acyclovir once it is inside the cell to make it active?

A

phosphorylation

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4
Q

What is the downside to oral acyclovir?

A

It has a low bioavailability

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5
Q

What is a pro-drug?

A

A drug that is inactivate until taken and activate in the liver

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6
Q

What is the pro-drug for acyclovir?

A

Valacyclovir as well as famciclovir

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7
Q

What is used to treat CMV?

A

Ganciclovir

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8
Q

What is the pro-drug form of ganciclovir?

A

Valganciclovir

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9
Q

What are the downsides to gangciclovir?

A

Less specific than acyclovir so it is more toxic. Platelet and neutrophil count drop

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10
Q

What are two broad activity DNA polymerase inhibitors?

A

Foscarnet and Cidofovir

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11
Q

What is the major toxicity of foscarnet and cidofovir?

A

They can harm the kidneys

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12
Q

What is the main drug used to treat influenza?

A

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

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13
Q

Oseltamivir is used to treat which virus?

A

Influenza

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14
Q

What is the function of oseltamivir?

A

It is a neuraminidase inhibitor so it prevents the virion from being released from the host cell

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15
Q

What does the HCV antiviral inhibit?

A

protease

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of Zidovudine (Retrovir, “AZT”)?

A

HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor

17
Q

What is the mechanism of Abacavir (Ziagen)

A

HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor

18
Q

What are the mechanisms of Lamivudine (Epivir) and Emtricitabine (Emtriva)?

A

HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors

19
Q

What is the mechanism of Tenofovir (TDF, Viread or TAF)

A

HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors

20
Q

Which HIV drugs are reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

A

Zidovudine (Retrovir), Abacavir (Ziagen), Lamivudine (Epivir), Emtricitabine (Emtriva), and Tenofovir ((TDF, Viread or TAF)

21
Q

Which drugs also treat Hep B?

A

Lamivudine (Epivir), Emtricitabine (Emtriva), and Tenofovir (TDF, Viread or TAF)

22
Q

What is truvada and why is it commonly used?

A

It is a mix of Lamivudine (Epivir) and Tenofovir (TDF) and is used as a preemptive prophylactic for HIV+ partners

23
Q

What are the mechanisms of Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)?

A

Protease inhibitors

24
Q

What is the mechanism of Raltegravir?

A

Integrase inhibitor

25
Q

What is the mechanism of Maraviroc?

A

unique mechanism that inhibits co-receptor

26
Q

Which HIV drugs are protease inhibitors?

A

Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)

27
Q

What HIV drug is an integrase inhibitor?

A

Raltegravir

Immunology Block (7 decks)

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