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Microbiology > Viruses and bacteria > Flashcards

Viruses and bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of a Virus

A

A small living particle that can change cells and affect how the cells function

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2
Q

Definition of a Viron

A

A
Virus with its complete DNA or RNA core and protein coat as it exists outside the cell. Also called an “Infectious viral particle”

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3
Q

Definition for a Viroid

A

Nucleic acid without protein coat. Small infectious agent of plants

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4
Q

Definition of Prions

A

A disease - causing agent that is neither bacterial not fungal nor viral and contains no genetic materials

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5
Q

Do viruses contain a protein coat?

A

Yes They contain a protein coat ( sometimes itself enclosed by an envelope of LIPIDS, proteins and carbohydrates ) That surrounds the nucleic acids - CAPSID

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6
Q

What is a capsid?

A

It is a protein shell of a virus that encloses its genetic material

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7
Q

Do viruses contain RNA or DNA

A

Could be either

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8
Q

A virion is a complete, fully developed infectious particle

Composed of a nucleic acid and surrounded by a ________ ____

A

Protein coat

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9
Q

How are viruses classified?

A

By their protein coats

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10
Q

Nucleic Acid can have both DNA and RNA

T/F

A

F

Nucleic acid can only have either DNA or RNA

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11
Q

Nucleic acid can only be single stranded

T/F

A

False

it can be single or double stranded

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12
Q

Some Viruses have capsid covered by an envelope, Some envelopes are covered with spikes that are used for what?

A

To attach to other cells

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13
Q

Non enveloped viruses - capsids are not covered by what?

A

An envelope

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14
Q

What are the 4 types of viruses?

A

Helical
Polyhedral
Spherical
Complex

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15
Q

Characteristics of Helical virus/ Tobacco mosaic virus

A

Has a Helical capsid with the shape of a rigid rod

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16
Q

Does the Helical contain DNA or RNA

A

RNA

17
Q

Polyhedral / Adenovirus is shaped like a hexagon and has a glycoprotein spike at each sphere
T/F

A

True

18
Q

Does Polyhedral / adenovirus carry DNA or RNA?

A

DNA

19
Q

Spherical / Influenza Virus has RNA molecules inside, how many are there

A

8, each wrapped in helical capsid and an outer envelope studded with glycoprotein spikes

20
Q

Complex / bacteriophage contains DNA or RNA

A

DNA

21
Q

Complex / bacteriophage has a capsid consisting of two parts. What are they

A

Head and tail

22
Q

Viruses can grow in dead cells

T/F

A

False, a virus needs a living host

23
Q

What is a bacteriophage?

A

Bacteriophages (BPs) are viruses that can infect and kill bacteria without any negative effect on human or animal cells.
For this reason, it is supposed that they can be used, alone or in combination with antibiotics, to treat bacterial infections

24
Q

For a _____ to multiply, it must invade a host cell and take over the hosts metabolic machinery

A

Virus

25
Q

For a _____ to multiply, it must invade a host cell and take over the hosts metabolic machinery

A

Virus

26
Q

The multiplication of bacteriophages has 2 cycles, what are they?

A

Lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle

27
Q

The Lytic is compared to a sack of baby spiders exploding

T/F

A

True

  • Enters the host cell
  • Cell is reprogrammed and begins to produce viruses
  • When enough are produced, cell erupts and viruses are released
28
Q

The Lysogenic cycle pinches off and forms two,

what is this process called?

A

Binary fission

29
Q

3 Stages of the Lysogenic cycle

A
  • Virus inserts into host cell
  • Host cell divides, and each time it is copied
  • At some point the Lytic cycle is triggered
30
Q

5 stages of the Lytic cycle

A 
Attachment
Penetration
Biosynthesis
Maturation
Release
31
Q

What happens in the attachment phase?

A

Phage attaches by tail fibers to the host cell

32
Q

What happens during penetration?

A

Phage Lysome opens cell wall, tail sheth contracts to force tail core and DNA into the cell

33
Q

explain Biosynthesis

A

Production of phage, DNA and proteins

34
Q

What happens during maturation?

A

Assembly of phage partciles

Microbiology (4 decks)

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