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Microbiology > Gram positive bacilli handout > Flashcards

Gram positive bacilli handout Flashcards

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1
Q

Gram positive bacilli can be divided into 3 groups, based on the presence or absence of endospores and acid-fastness
What are these 3 groups

A
  • Endospore- formers
  • Non-endospore- formers
  • Irregular shaped and staining properties
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2
Q

Genus Bacillus uses ______, which is Aerobic

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

Genus Clostridium does not use ______ and is ________

A

Oxygen and is Anaerobic

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4
Q

Are Genus Bacillus gram positive or gram negative?

A

GP

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5
Q

What is the primary habitat of Genus Bacillus?

A

Soil

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6
Q

Genus Bacillus is a source of this medication

A

Antibiotics

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7
Q

There are ___ species of medical importance,
Bacillus _________ &
Bacillus ______

A

Anthracis and Cereus ( not serious )

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8
Q

Bacillus Anthracis are large block shaped ____

A

Rods

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9
Q

where do Exotoxins reside?

A

Skin and Gut

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10
Q

There are _ types of Anthracis

A

3

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11
Q

3 Types of Anthracis

_________ - Spores enter though the skin

A

Cutaneous

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12
Q

3 Types of Anthracis

__________ - Inhalation of spores

A

Inhalation

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13
Q

3 types of Anthracis

________________ - Ingested spores

A

Gastrointestinal

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14
Q

Anthracis is treated with ____________

A

Antibiotics

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15
Q

Bacillus Cereus is serious

T/F

A

F

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16
Q

Bacillus Cereus grows in _____

A

Foods

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17
Q

Bacillus Cereus can survive cooking and reheating, also common types of disinfection are ineffectie
T/F

A

T

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18
Q

When someone has been infected with Bacillus Cereus you should always give them something to stop their diarrhea
T/F

A

False, you should never give anything to stop the body flushing its system,
rehydrate

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19
Q

Bacillus Cereus lasts for around __ hours

A

24

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20
Q

Bacillus GP is a _____ forming bacilli

A

Spore

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21
Q

Genus Clostridium is does not need ______ and therefore is _________

A

Oxygen and is Anaerobic

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22
Q

Genus Colstridium causes Wound infections, tissue infections and food intoxications
T/F

A

True

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23
Q

Clostridium perfringens cause ___ _________

A

Gas Gangrene

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24
Q

The spores of Colstridium are found in ____, human skin, intestines and vagina

A

Soil

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25
Q

There are predisposing factors with Clostridium perfringens.

What are they

A 
Surgical incisions
compound fractures
Diabetic ulcers
septic abortions
puncture wounds
gunshot wounds
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26
Q

Treatment for gas gangrene

A

Clean it

removal of dead tissue and antibiotics

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27
Q

Homeopathic gun powder can be used for skin infection

T/F

A

True

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28
Q

Alpha toxin causes ____ rupture, edema and tissue destruction

A

Red blood cell rupture

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29
Q

Does Genus Baciiius use oxygen?

A

Yes

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30
Q

Does Genus Clostriduim use oxygen?

A

Yes

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31
Q

Can anthracis live in the body?

A

Yes

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32
Q

which foods most commonly cause Bacillus cereus?

A

Fried rice and bean sprouts

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33
Q

which foods most commonly cause Bacillus cereus?

A

Fried rice and bean sprouts

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34
Q

Clostridium is a DEEP inside us

T/F

A

True, gangrene, tetanus

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35
Q

Myo necrosis = even muscle tissue starts to ___

A

Die

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36
Q

Does tetanus require oxygen?

A

No

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37
Q

Tetanus is a _____________ diseasee

A

Neuromuscular

Causing spasums

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38
Q

Tetanus keeps the muscles from ________

A

Relaxing

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39
Q

Colostridum difficile is a _______ that is already found _________

A

Bacteria that is already found inside of us

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40
Q

Colostridum Defficile becomes more harmful after large doses of ___________

A

Antibiotics

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41
Q

Clostridium Difficile produces an ______ toxin, effecting the _____ _________

A

Endotoxin, effecting the small intestine

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42
Q

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of _______ in hospitals

A

Diarrhea

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43
Q

Psudo = ____

A

Fake

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44
Q

Clostridium difficile causes a ____ membrane

A

Fake

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45
Q

Clostridium Botulinum is rare but _______ intoxication usually from home canned food

A

Severe

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46
Q

Clostridium botulinum causes ______ paralysis

A

Flaccid

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47
Q

Clostrdium perfringens causes ________ paralysis

A

spasm

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48
Q

Botulism is _____ forming

does it require oxygen?

A

Spore forming

does not require oxygen

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49
Q

Clostridium botulinum is a _____ forming anaerobe commonly found in ____ and _____

A

Non spore forming

Found in soil and water

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50
Q

Botulin blocks the release of _______________

A

Aceyatolcholine

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51
Q

With Botulism the most common form of death is from what

A

Respiratory failure

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52
Q

Botox is made from _______ _________

A

Clostridium Botulinum

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53
Q

The effects are used in Western medicine and have had great success. How long does a Botox treatment last?

A

3-12 months

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54
Q

infantile botulism = floppy baby

T/F

A

True

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55
Q

Treatment for C botulinum

A

Antibiotics

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56
Q

Clostridium perfringens can also effect the ___________

A

Tummy

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57
Q

The action of Botulin is on the ____________

A

Neuromuscular

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58
Q

Listeria monocytogenes are ___ spore forming bacilli

A

Non spore forming

59
Q

Are Listeria Monocytogenes GP or GN

A

Gram positive

60
Q

Listeria monocytogenes can have 1-4 ________ meaning tails

A

Flagella

61
Q

Listeria M are resistant to ____,____,____, PH extremities and Bile

A

Heat, cold, salt

62
Q

Is Listeria hard to kill?

A

Yes

63
Q

Virulence continues even after its been Vacuumed up

T/F

A

True

64
Q

Listeria uses /tricks the Macrophage

( Vacuum ) into eating it so it can be ___________ around the body

A

Transported

65
Q

What is the primary reservoir for Listera?

A

Soil, water, animal intestines

66
Q

Can listeria contaminate foods and grow even during refridgeration?

A

Yes

67
Q

Listeriosis in most cases is associated with which foods

A

Dairy, chicken , and other meats

68
Q

Listeria is often ____ in normal adults

A

Mild

69
Q

There is a __% death rate among people who are immunocompromised

A

20%

70
Q

How can you prevent Listeria?

A

Cooking your food properly

71
Q

What are the 3 Gram positive Non-spore-forming Bacilli

A

Corynebacterium-Bowling pin
Propionibacterium-Acne
Mycobacterium-Waxy

72
Q

Who carries Corynebacterium

A

Healthy people

73
Q

The potential for Diptheriae is ______ present

A

Always

74
Q

Corynebacterium = Onion skins forming where?

A

Over the throat causing suffocation

75
Q

How is Diptheriae passed?

A

Respitory droplets

76
Q

Where do most cases of Cornybacterium occur?

A

Non immunized children living in crowded unsanitary conditions

77
Q

There are _ stages of Cornybacteria Diptheriae

A

2

78
Q

First stage of Diptheriae is a _____ infection in the _____ respiratory tract

A

Local

Upper

79
Q

Symptoms of first stage Diptheriae are

A 
Sore throat
Nausea
vomiting
swollen lymph nodes
Pseudo-membrane formation, can cause asphyxiation
80
Q

Second stage Dispheriae targets the ______

A

Organs

81
Q

Treatment for Diptheriae

A

Vaccines
Antibiotics
Boosterss

82
Q

Genus Propionibacterium =

A

Acne

83
Q

Propionibacterium is usually always present on which area of the body

A

Face, and can cause acne

84
Q

Is Mycobacteria GP or GN?

A

Gram positive

85
Q

Is Mycobacteria aerobic or anaeriboc?

A

Aerobic

86
Q

Does Mycobacteria grow fast or slow?

A

Slow

87
Q

How long can Mycobacteria live in the body?

A

A long time

88
Q

What is the treatment for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis?

A

Antibiotics

89
Q

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis can linger in the ___

A

Air

90
Q

Mycobacteria is an irregular shaped bacilli

T/F

A

T

It does not form capsules, flagella or spores

91
Q

M Tuberculosis is commonly found in which areas

A

Jails ( Drug resistance TB) and close quarters

92
Q

WHat are some predisposing factors for TB

A

Inadequate nutrition, weak immune system, poor access to medical care., lung damage and genetics

93
Q

There are _ types of TB

A

3

94
Q

What are the 3 types of TB?

A

Primary
Secondary - Reinfection from not being fully cured the first time
Disseminated - if it spreads again Extra pulmonary

95
Q

How many cells need to be infected for you to contact TB?

A

10

96
Q

This bacteria has the ability to stay inside the ______ cells

A

Vacuum cells

Macrophages

97
Q

After _ or _ weeks the immune system attacks for tubercles, granulomas consisting of a central core containing bacilli surrounded by WBC

A

3 or 4 weeks

98
Q

When a patient doesn’t recover from primary TB reactivation of _______ can occur

A

Bacilli

99
Q

The patient experiences more severe symptoms with __________ TB

A

Secondary

100
Q

Untreated the morality rate is __%

A

60

101
Q

Extra pulmonary TB meaning _______ of the lungs can travels to other regions of the body

A

Outside of the lungs travelling to the genitals brain kidneys meninges

102
Q

The skin test for TB is called the _______ test

A

Mantoux

103
Q

Other types of testing for TB are

A

Xrays
acid test
culutres

104
Q

Management and prevention of TB

___________ and ___________

A

Antibiotics and vaccine

105
Q

TB is spread through _________

A

Respiratory

106
Q

The two AEROBIC spore forming Gram positive bacillis are :

A

Anthracis, cause of anthrax

Cereus, cause of food poisioning

107
Q

The 4 GP ANAEROBIC bacillis ( non oxygen ) bacteria

A 
Colstridium  -
Perfringens- Gas Gangrene 
Tetani - Tetanus - spasums
Botulinum - Botulism - paralysis
Difficile - intestine super infections
108
Q

Non Spore forming Gram positive bacillus

A

Listeria

  • Found in dairy, raw meat
  • immunocompermised and babies are high risk
  • One of the few Psychrophile pathogenic bacteria
109
Q

Irregular shaped or staining Gram P bacillus

A 
1-Cornybacterium diptheriae 
-oral pharynx infection, pseudo membrane develops
2-Propionibacterium Acne
3-Mycobacterium TB - slow grower
Primary 
secondary
Tertiary
110
Q

The Nasal cavity, Pharynx and oropharynx are all part of the _____ respiratory system

A

Upper

111
Q

Incoming air is filtered by mucus (which traps dust particles) and cilia of columnar epithelial cells (which move the particles to the throat for elimination) – called the ___________ defense.

A

Mucociliary defense

112
Q

The upper respiratory system also has these associated structures

A

Sinus
tonsils
epiglottis

113
Q

Larynx, trachea and bronchi are all part of the _____ respiratory system

A

lower

114
Q

The mucocilia can become damaged by breathing in ____, smoking & vaping

A

heat

115
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis produces a barking cough may also cause this to occur; a severe airway narrowing near the epiglottis or the larynx causes stridor (whistling sound heard as the person breathes in) What is the common name for this?

A

Croup

116
Q

What does the term Haemophilus mean?

A

Blood loving

117
Q

IS Haemophilus Influenza GP or GN

A

Gram Negative Rod

Needs a growth factor in human red blood cells

118
Q

Does Haemophilus influenza cause the flu?

A

NO

119
Q

Clotted blood is also known as _________ agar

A

Chocolate

120
Q 
Haemophilus inluenzae can also cause 
Meningitis
cellulitis
conjunctivitis
T/F
A

True

121
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes
Pyo = pus forming
This is responsible for a common throat infection known as

A

Strep throat

122
Q

Pharyngitis commonly known as

A

Strep throat

123
Q

What are the 4 complications from strep throat?

A

Scarlet fever
septicemia
rheumatic fever
impetigo

124
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae bacteria is GP and the shape is

A

Tennis racket

125
Q

Diptheriae is a __________ bacteria

A

Respiratory

126
Q

A pseudomembrane is made from dead tissue

T/F

A

True

127
Q

Rhino means ____

A

Nose

128
Q

Common cold known as _____ virus

A

Rhino

Rhinorrhea

129
Q

Rhino passed by ________

A

Fromites

Towels

130
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes _________

A

Pneumonia, repiratory droplets

131
Q

Ligionella punmophila cannot be seen with other staining agents, What is used to be able to see the stain?

A

Silver

132
Q

where does Legionella live?

A

Natural and artificially supplied water
Airbourne from heat pumps
air conditioners

133
Q

Legionellea is easy to kill

T/F

A

F,

it can withstand heat and chlorine

134
Q

Legionella can cause severe ________

A

Pneumonia, especially when you have an alcoholic background or are a smoker

135
Q

Pertissus means ________ cough

A

Whooping

136
Q

Bordetella is highly contagious and is passed though the ___

A

Air

137
Q

The FLU is an _______ visus

A

Orthomixo

138
Q

Paramyxovirus causes _____

A

Croup

139
Q

Mystified COLD air is best for _____ it reduces the welling inside of the _____

A

Croup

lungs

140
Q

German measles is deadly for _______ women

A

Pregnant

141
Q

German measles is not dangerous for healthy people

T/F

A

T

142
Q

Rubeola is not dangerous

T/F

A

F

143
Q

Smallpox blisters come all at once

T/F

A

T

Microbiology (4 decks)

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