Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > First class > Flashcards

First class Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Antoni Van Leewenhoek was the first person to what?

A

Look into a microscope/ Observe live microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

Hypothesis that some forms of life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Robert Koch was the first to prove the ____ theory of disease

A

Germ theory
Microorganisms might cause disease- innoculation of agent should result in disease & it should be retrievable from diseased organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was Robert Hooke known for?

A

He was the father of cell theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis activated ___________ to prevent transmission of __________ fever

A

Hand washing
Childbirth fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Joseph Lister is the father of ________ surgery

A

Antiseptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Edward Jenner is the inventor of

A

Vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Paul Ehrlich made the first _______________ drug and coined the term

A

Chemotherapeutic
Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sir Alexander Fleming discovered __________ and was the Noble Prize winner in 1945 for medicine

A

Penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is disease?

A

A change that disturbs the normal function of the body’s systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Many diseases are classified as __________

A

Infectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diseases are caused by _______ ________ and other pathogens

A

Viruses and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Organisms that cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_____ are the general name given to the organisms that cause disease

A

Germs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Microbiology?

A

The study of SMALL living things.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Microorganisms?

A

Very small organisms that you need a microscope to see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Organisms are classified into _ kingdoms

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

These 6 kingdoms are

A

Archaea ,Bacteria, protists =- Unicellular
Animals, fungi and plants = Multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What causes disease?

A

Viruses, bacteria,fungi, protists or parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of cell are Protists?

A

A protist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are Viruses?
___-living DNA particles composed of a nucleic acid ( DNA or RNA ) and a _______ coat

A

Non-living
protein coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Do Viruses need a host to reproduce?

A

Yes, this is why they are not considered alive
Host cell is the cell the Virus infects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Viruses invade _______ cells and use enzymes and organelles of the host cell to make ____ Viruses, usually killing the host cell is process

A

Healthy cells
MORE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which diseases are the most widespread illness

A

Viral diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Viral illnesses range from mild fevers, cancers and other fatal diseases
T/F?

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How are Viruses transmitted?

A

Human contact, water and insect bites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What drugs are used to prevent and control the spread of Viral diseases?

A

Vaccines and anti-viral medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are some examples of Viruses?

A

Cold, flu, HIV, polio, chickenpox and more

29
Q

What type of cell are Fungi?

A

Eukaryotic

30
Q

Fungi are non-photosynthetic organisms which means what?

A

They dont go through photosynthesis, they have to eat food and most are multicellular

31
Q

What does a Eukaryotic cell have?

A

A true nucleus, mitochondria,

32
Q

When do mold allergies usually happen?

A

Spring and fall

33
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

Sexually and asexually ( producing spores )

34
Q

Fungi can never attack the tissues of living plants and animals and cause disease.
T/F?

A

Fungal disease is a major concern for humans because fungi attack not only us but also our food sources,!!!!!!
making fungi competitors with humans for nutrients.

35
Q

Can mold spores cause allergic reactions?

A

Yes, Mold spores can cause mild to serious allergies in some people. Billions of mold spores can become airborne and may then be inhaled, triggering an allergic reaction
Black mold, fungal meningitis

36
Q

Where are Protists mostly found?

A

Water

37
Q

What is an example of a Protist?

A

Algae, A Protist that uses sunlight as an energy source

38
Q

Protoza are ______ like protists that eat other organisms or decaying parts of other organisms.

A

Animal like

39
Q

Protists can use sunlight as an energy source
T/F?

A

true Protists CAN use sunlight as an energy source,

40
Q

How do Protists get their energy?

A

By moving around

41
Q

Many Protists live as _________. Some of which cause disease.

A

Parasites
Malaria is one of the world’s most significant diseases, and is caused by a protist. A mosquito carries the parasite from human to human through blood

42
Q

What cell type are Parsites?

A

Eukaryotic

43
Q

What is the size range of a parasite

A

Tiny size 1-2cm to tapeworm 10m

44
Q

What is an example of a complex parasite?

A

When it breaks and can grow a new head

45
Q

Prokaryotic cells are sexual

T/F?

A

F

Prokaryotic cells are asexual and use binary fission, meaning

sexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies

46
Q

Is a Mitochondria present in a Prokaryotic cell?

A

No

47
Q

Bacteria is a Prokaryotic cell

T/F

A

T

48
Q

Algae, fungi, protozoa, plants and animals can be sexual and asexual

T/F

A

T

49
Q

Does a Eukaryotic cell have a nucleous?

A

Yes

50
Q

What are bacteria?`

A

Bacteria are Prokaryotic singe celled organisms

51
Q

How many species of bacteria are living in our mouths?

A

300

52
Q

Bacteria can live in a variety of places with or without ______

and in extreme ____ or ____

A

Oxygen

Cold or Hot

53
Q

How to bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary Fission - Asexual

54
Q

Bacteria are classified by their ________ ______

A

External shapes

55
Q

What are Antibiotics used for?

A

To slow or stop the growth of bacteria .

56
Q

What is antibiotic resistance?

A

Overuse causes resistance in bacteria, mutant bacteria survive an antibiotic treatment and give rise to resistant strains

Examples

Strep throat

Staph infections

pneumonia

57
Q

It is bacteria that breaks down dead bodies and waste material

T/F

A

T

58
Q

What color is Gram positive bacteria?

A

Purple

59
Q

Where does the purple color come from in Gram positive?

A

Chrystal violet

60
Q

Color sticks to the ___________ layer

A

Peptidoglycan layer

( Like a matress soaking things up that stain )

61
Q

What color is Gram negative bacteria?

A

Red

62
Q

Where does the red color come from in Gram negative?

A

Safranin

63
Q

Gram positive has a _____ layer

A

Thick

64
Q

Gram negative has a ____ layer

A

Thin

65
Q

What is the Gram staining process?

Flood with the rinse- Ex Chrystal violet

Flood with Iodine

de colorize with acetone

Counter stain with Safranin

de colorize again

A
66
Q

Gram negative are more resistant to antibodies

T/F?

A

T

67
Q

What is the reasoning for the staining differences?

A

Cell wall structure

68
Q

Gram stain detects Peptidoglycan, and since Gram positive have a thick peptioglycan layer they retain the ________ ______ Dye

A

Gram positive layer

69
Q

Why doesnt Gram negative detect the crystal violet dye?

A

Gram negative has an outer membrane getting in the way of the crystal violet and they lack peptidoglycan to retain the stain

Microbiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions