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Z Old Infection IGNORE > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What class of virus is poliovirus?

A

Picornavirus

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2
Q

Does poliovirus have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

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3
Q

Is poliovirus enveloped?

A

No

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4
Q

What diseases are caused by poliovirus?

A
  • Aseptic meningitis
  • Paralytic poliomyelitis
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5
Q

How is poliovirus prevented?

A

Vaccine

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6
Q

How is poliovirus treated?

A

No specific treatment

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7
Q

What class of virus is coxsackie and other enteroviruses?

A

Picornavirus

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8
Q

Do coxsackie and other enteroviruses have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

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9
Q

Are coxsackie and other enteroviruses enveloped?

A

No

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10
Q

What diseases are caused by coxsackie and other enteroviruses?

A
  • Aseptic meningitis
  • Herpangina
  • Myopericarditis
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11
Q

Specficially, what causes myopericarditis?

A

Coxsackievirus B

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12
Q

What is the treatment for coxsackie and other enteroviruses?

A

No specific treatment

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13
Q

How many serotypes are there of rhinoviruses?

A

More than 100

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14
Q

What class of virus are rhinoviruses?

A

Picornavirus

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15
Q

Do rhinoviruses have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

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16
Q

Are rhinoviruses enveloped?

A

No

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17
Q

What diseases do rhinoviruses cause?

A

Common cold

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18
Q

What is the treatment for rhinoviruses?

A

No specific treatment

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19
Q

What class of virus is arbovirus encephalitis?

A

Togavirus

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20
Q

Does arbovirus encephalitis have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

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21
Q

Is arbovirus encephalitis enveloped?

A

Yes

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22
Q

What class of virus is rubella?

A

Togavirus

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23
Q

Does rubella have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

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24
Q

Is rubella enveloped?

A

Yes

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25
Q

What does rubella cause?

A

Rash (exanthema) in children and pregnant women

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26
Q

What is caused when rubella produces a rash in a pregnant woman?

A

Congenital rubella syndrome

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27
Q

How is rubella prevented?

A

A live attenuated virus vaccine

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28
Q

What class of virus is measles?

A

Paramyoxoviruses

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29
Q

Does measles have RNA or DNA?

A

ENA

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30
Q

Is measles enveloped?

A

Yes

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31
Q

What are the symptoms of measles?

A
  • Fever
  • Nasal discharge
  • Rash
  • Very rarely encephalitis and SSPE
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32
Q

How long does measles last for?

A

10-14 days

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33
Q

How are measles and mumps prevented?

A

Live attenuated virus vaccines

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34
Q

What class of virus is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

A

Paramyoxoviruses

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35
Q

Does RSV have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

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36
Q

Is RSV enveloped?

A

Yes

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37
Q

What diseases are caused by RSV?

A
  • Broncholitis
  • Pneumonia (in infants)
  • Common cold (in adults)
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38
Q

How is RSV treated?

A

Aerosolised ribavirin

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39
Q

When is RSV treated with aerosolised ribavirin?

A

In infants with severe RSV infections

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40
Q

What class of virus is rabies?

A

Coronaviruses

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41
Q

Does rabies have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

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42
Q

Is rabies enveloped?

A

Yes

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43
Q

What kind of disease is rabies?

A

A zoonosis

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44
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

A bite from an animal

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45
Q

How is rabies prevented?

A

Vaccination of wild and domesticated animals

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46
Q

How is rabies treated?

A
  • Local wound treatment
  • Passive administration of antibody
  • Vaccination
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47
Q

What are the strains of influenza?

A

A, B, and C

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48
Q

What class of virus is influenza?

A

Orthomyxovirus

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49
Q

Does influenza have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

50
Q

Is influenza enveloped?

A

Yes

51
Q

What does influenza cause?

A

Significant mortality in certain individuals

52
Q

In which individuals does influenza cause significant mortality?

A
  • Elderly
  • Those with underlying cardiopulmonary disease
53
Q

What are the potential complications of influenza?

A
  • Bacterial superinfections
  • Reye’s syndrome
54
Q

How is influenza prevented?

A

Can be prevented by vaccination

55
Q

What is special about the preparation of the influenza vaccine?

A

It is prepared annually from strains most likely to emerge in the coming season

56
Q

How is influenza treated?

A
  • Amantidine
  • Rimantidine
  • Other drugs
57
Q

What strain of influenza is treated with amantidine?

A

A strains

58
Q

What class of virus is rotavirus?

A

Reoviruses

59
Q

Does rotavirus have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

60
Q

Is rotavirus enveloped?

A

No

61
Q

What diseases does rotavirus cause?

A

Diarrhoeal illness

62
Q

What types of rotavirus cause diarrhoeal illness?

A

A-D

63
Q

When does rotavirus particularly cause diarrhoeal illness?

A

Infancy and childhood

64
Q

What is rotavirus a major cause of?

A

Morbidity and mortality in the developing world

65
Q

How can rotavirus diarrhoea be prevented?

A
  • Improved hygiene.
  • Vaccines in development.
66
Q

How can rotavirus diarrhoea be treated?

A

Replacing water and electrolytes

67
Q

What class of virus is HIV?

A

Human retrovirus

68
Q

Does HIV have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

69
Q

Is HIV enveloped?

A

Yes

70
Q

What does HIV infection cause?

A

Mononucleosis-like seroconversion illness 6-8 weeks after infection, followed by asymptomatic period, which typically lasts 8-10 years, before development of symptoms leading to AIDS

71
Q

How is HIV treated?

A
  • HAART including RT inhibitors
  • NRT inhibitors
  • Protease inhibitors (PIs)
72
Q

What class of virus is adenovirus?

A

Adenovirus

73
Q

Do adenovirus have RNA or DNA?

A

DNA

74
Q

Are adenoviruses enveloped?

A

No

75
Q

What diseases do adenoviruses cause?

A
  • Pharyngoconjunctival fever
  • Epidemics of acute respiratory disease
  • Intestinal illness
  • Keratoconjunctivitis
76
Q

Give an example of an acute respiratory disease caused by adenovirus

A

Pneumonia

77
Q

What intestinal illnesses can be caused by adenoviruses?

A
  • Mesenteric adenitis
  • Intususseption
78
Q

How is adenovirus prevented?

A

Live oral vaccine

79
Q

Who has the live oral vaccine to adenovirus been used in?

A

US military troops

80
Q

How is adenovirus treated?

A

No specific treatment

81
Q

What class of virus is papillamovirus?

A

Papovaviruses

82
Q

Do papillamoviruses have RNA or DNA?

A

DNA

83
Q

Are papillamovirses enveloped?

A

No

84
Q

What diseases does papillimoviruses cause?

A

Skin and genital warts

85
Q

What can sexually transmitted warts cause in children?

A

Laryngeal papilloma

86
Q

How are children infected with papillamovirus?

A

Via the birth canal

87
Q

What are some types of papillamovirus strongly associated with?

A

Genital cancer, particularly carcinoma of the cervix

88
Q

What types of papillamovirus are strongly associated with genital cancer?

A
  • HPV16
  • HPV18
89
Q

How are papillamovirus infections treated?

A
  • No effective antivirals or vaccines available.
  • Skin warts can be destroyed by freezing
  • Areas of cervical dysplasia (genital warts) by laser treatment
90
Q

How can skin warts be frozen?

A

Using liquid nitrogen

91
Q

What class of virus is herpes simplex?

A

Herpesvirus

92
Q

Does herpes simplex have RNA or DNA?

A

DNA

93
Q

Is herpes simplex enveloped?

A

Yes

94
Q

How is herpes simplex treated?

A
  • Aciclovir
  • Ganciclovir
95
Q

What types of herpes simplex are treated with aciclovir?

A
  • HSV
  • VZV
96
Q

What types of herpes simplex are treated with ganciclovir?

A

CMV

97
Q

How is herpes simplex prevented?

A

Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG)

98
Q

When is VZIG used?

A

When immunocompromised patients are exposed to infection

99
Q

What class of virus is Epstein Barr?

A

Herpesvirus

100
Q

Does Epstein Barr have RNA or DNA?

A

DNA

101
Q

Is Epstein Barr enveloped?

A

Yes

102
Q

What does Epstein Barr cause?

A
  • Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
  • Burkitts lymphoma
  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
103
Q

What class of virus is cytomegalocirus (CMV)?

A

Herpesvirus

104
Q

Does CMV have RNA or DNA?

A

DNA

105
Q

Is CMV enveloped?

A

Yes

106
Q

What does CMV cause?

A
  • Mononucleosis
  • Pneumonitis
107
Q

What class of virus is hepatitis A?

A

Picornavirus

108
Q

Does hepatitis A have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

109
Q

Is hepatitis A enveloped?

A

No

110
Q

What does hepatitis A cause?

A

Hepatitis with a short incubation period

111
Q

What is the average incubation period for hepatitis A?

A

4 weeks

112
Q

What is the prognosis of hepatitis A?

A
  • Condition generally self limiting
  • About 0.1% of all cases are fatal
113
Q

What causes fatality in hepatitis A?

A

Liver failure

114
Q

How long does hepatitis A usually last for?

A

4 weeks

115
Q

Is there chronic infection with hepatitis A?

A

No

116
Q

How is hepatitis A prevented?

A
  • Improved hygiene
  • Human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG)
  • Vaccine
117
Q

What class of virus is hepatitis B?

A

Falviviruses

118
Q

Does hepatitis C have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

119
Q

Is hepatitis C enveloped?

A

Yes

120
Q

Does smallpox have RNA or DNA?

A

DNA

121
Q

Is smallpox enveloped?

A

Yes

Z Old Infection IGNORE (23 decks)

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