Viruses Flashcards
What class of virus is poliovirus?
Picornavirus
Does poliovirus have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Is poliovirus enveloped?
No
What diseases are caused by poliovirus?
- Aseptic meningitis
- Paralytic poliomyelitis
How is poliovirus prevented?
Vaccine
How is poliovirus treated?
No specific treatment
What class of virus is coxsackie and other enteroviruses?
Picornavirus
Do coxsackie and other enteroviruses have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Are coxsackie and other enteroviruses enveloped?
No
What diseases are caused by coxsackie and other enteroviruses?
- Aseptic meningitis
- Herpangina
- Myopericarditis
Specficially, what causes myopericarditis?
Coxsackievirus B
What is the treatment for coxsackie and other enteroviruses?
No specific treatment
How many serotypes are there of rhinoviruses?
More than 100
What class of virus are rhinoviruses?
Picornavirus
Do rhinoviruses have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Are rhinoviruses enveloped?
No
What diseases do rhinoviruses cause?
Common cold
What is the treatment for rhinoviruses?
No specific treatment
What class of virus is arbovirus encephalitis?
Togavirus
Does arbovirus encephalitis have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Is arbovirus encephalitis enveloped?
Yes
What class of virus is rubella?
Togavirus
Does rubella have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Is rubella enveloped?
Yes
What does rubella cause?
Rash (exanthema) in children and pregnant women
What is caused when rubella produces a rash in a pregnant woman?
Congenital rubella syndrome
How is rubella prevented?
A live attenuated virus vaccine
What class of virus is measles?
Paramyoxoviruses
Does measles have RNA or DNA?
ENA
Is measles enveloped?
Yes
What are the symptoms of measles?
- Fever
- Nasal discharge
- Rash
- Very rarely encephalitis and SSPE
How long does measles last for?
10-14 days
How are measles and mumps prevented?
Live attenuated virus vaccines
What class of virus is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?
Paramyoxoviruses
Does RSV have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Is RSV enveloped?
Yes
What diseases are caused by RSV?
- Broncholitis
- Pneumonia (in infants)
- Common cold (in adults)
How is RSV treated?
Aerosolised ribavirin
When is RSV treated with aerosolised ribavirin?
In infants with severe RSV infections
What class of virus is rabies?
Coronaviruses
Does rabies have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Is rabies enveloped?
Yes
What kind of disease is rabies?
A zoonosis
How is rabies transmitted?
A bite from an animal
How is rabies prevented?
Vaccination of wild and domesticated animals
How is rabies treated?
- Local wound treatment
- Passive administration of antibody
- Vaccination
What are the strains of influenza?
A, B, and C
What class of virus is influenza?
Orthomyxovirus
Does influenza have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Is influenza enveloped?
Yes
What does influenza cause?
Significant mortality in certain individuals
In which individuals does influenza cause significant mortality?
- Elderly
- Those with underlying cardiopulmonary disease
What are the potential complications of influenza?
- Bacterial superinfections
- Reye’s syndrome
How is influenza prevented?
Can be prevented by vaccination
What is special about the preparation of the influenza vaccine?
It is prepared annually from strains most likely to emerge in the coming season
How is influenza treated?
- Amantidine
- Rimantidine
- Other drugs
What strain of influenza is treated with amantidine?
A strains
What class of virus is rotavirus?
Reoviruses
Does rotavirus have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Is rotavirus enveloped?
No
What diseases does rotavirus cause?
Diarrhoeal illness
What types of rotavirus cause diarrhoeal illness?
A-D
When does rotavirus particularly cause diarrhoeal illness?
Infancy and childhood
What is rotavirus a major cause of?
Morbidity and mortality in the developing world
How can rotavirus diarrhoea be prevented?
- Improved hygiene.
- Vaccines in development.
How can rotavirus diarrhoea be treated?
Replacing water and electrolytes
What class of virus is HIV?
Human retrovirus
Does HIV have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Is HIV enveloped?
Yes
What does HIV infection cause?
Mononucleosis-like seroconversion illness 6-8 weeks after infection, followed by asymptomatic period, which typically lasts 8-10 years, before development of symptoms leading to AIDS
How is HIV treated?
- HAART including RT inhibitors
- NRT inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors (PIs)
What class of virus is adenovirus?
Adenovirus
Do adenovirus have RNA or DNA?
DNA
Are adenoviruses enveloped?
No
What diseases do adenoviruses cause?
- Pharyngoconjunctival fever
- Epidemics of acute respiratory disease
- Intestinal illness
- Keratoconjunctivitis
Give an example of an acute respiratory disease caused by adenovirus
Pneumonia
What intestinal illnesses can be caused by adenoviruses?
- Mesenteric adenitis
- Intususseption
How is adenovirus prevented?
Live oral vaccine
Who has the live oral vaccine to adenovirus been used in?
US military troops
How is adenovirus treated?
No specific treatment
What class of virus is papillamovirus?
Papovaviruses
Do papillamoviruses have RNA or DNA?
DNA
Are papillamovirses enveloped?
No
What diseases does papillimoviruses cause?
Skin and genital warts
What can sexually transmitted warts cause in children?
Laryngeal papilloma
How are children infected with papillamovirus?
Via the birth canal
What are some types of papillamovirus strongly associated with?
Genital cancer, particularly carcinoma of the cervix
What types of papillamovirus are strongly associated with genital cancer?
- HPV16
- HPV18
How are papillamovirus infections treated?
- No effective antivirals or vaccines available.
- Skin warts can be destroyed by freezing
- Areas of cervical dysplasia (genital warts) by laser treatment
How can skin warts be frozen?
Using liquid nitrogen
What class of virus is herpes simplex?
Herpesvirus
Does herpes simplex have RNA or DNA?
DNA
Is herpes simplex enveloped?
Yes
How is herpes simplex treated?
- Aciclovir
- Ganciclovir
What types of herpes simplex are treated with aciclovir?
- HSV
- VZV
What types of herpes simplex are treated with ganciclovir?
CMV
How is herpes simplex prevented?
Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG)
When is VZIG used?
When immunocompromised patients are exposed to infection
What class of virus is Epstein Barr?
Herpesvirus
Does Epstein Barr have RNA or DNA?
DNA
Is Epstein Barr enveloped?
Yes
What does Epstein Barr cause?
- Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
- Burkitts lymphoma
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
What class of virus is cytomegalocirus (CMV)?
Herpesvirus
Does CMV have RNA or DNA?
DNA
Is CMV enveloped?
Yes
What does CMV cause?
- Mononucleosis
- Pneumonitis
What class of virus is hepatitis A?
Picornavirus
Does hepatitis A have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Is hepatitis A enveloped?
No
What does hepatitis A cause?
Hepatitis with a short incubation period
What is the average incubation period for hepatitis A?
4 weeks
What is the prognosis of hepatitis A?
- Condition generally self limiting
- About 0.1% of all cases are fatal
What causes fatality in hepatitis A?
Liver failure
How long does hepatitis A usually last for?
4 weeks
Is there chronic infection with hepatitis A?
No
How is hepatitis A prevented?
- Improved hygiene
- Human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG)
- Vaccine
What class of virus is hepatitis B?
Falviviruses
Does hepatitis C have RNA or DNA?
RNA
Is hepatitis C enveloped?
Yes
Does smallpox have RNA or DNA?
DNA
Is smallpox enveloped?
Yes
