Viruses Flashcards
IFNα/β
Released by infected cells
Stimulate antiviral state in neighbouring cells via JAK-STAT pathway
(ISGF binds ISRE - stimulates antiviral protein production)
Latency in herpesviruses
All herpesviruses can form latent infections
VZV: latent in sensory ganglia neurons
HCMV: monocytes (reactivate upon differentiation to macrophages)
Papovaviruses
dsDNA, icosahedral, no envelope
HPV 16/18 cause cervical carcinoma
Adenoviruses
dsDNA, icosahedral, no envelope
Adenoviruses causes acute respiratory disease
Herpesviruses
dsDNA, icosahedral, enveloped HSV - cold sores/genital warts (1/2) VZV - chicken pox and shingles EBV - glandular fever and Burkitt lymphoma HMCV HHV8 - Kaposi's sarcoma
Poxviruses
dsDNA, complex capsid, enveloped
Variola virus - smallpox
Vaccinia virus - vaccine against smallpox
Replicated in the nucleus
Parvoviruses
ssDNA, icosahedral, no envelope
Blue tongue virus
Picornaviruses
\+ve sense ssRNA, icosahedral, no envelope Poliovirus - poliomyelitis Hepatitis A - acute hepatitis Rhinovirus - common cold FMDV
Togaviruses
+ve sense ssRNA, icosahedral, enveloped
Rubella virus
Flaviviruses
+ve sense ssRNA, icosahedral, enveloped
Hepatitis C - (acute and) chronic hepatitis
Yellow fever - haemorrhagic fever (jaundice)
Coronaviruses
+ve sense ssRNA, helical, enveloped
SARS
Orthomyxoviruses
Segmented (8) -ve sense ssRNA, helical, enveloped
Influenza A virus
Paramyxoviruses
-ve sense ssRNA, helical, enveloped
Measles
Mumps
Rhabdoviruses
-ve sense ssRNA, helical, enveloped
Rabies
Filoviruses
-ve sense ssRNA, helical, enveloped
Ebola virus
Retroviruses
+ve sense ssRNA (DNA intermediate), 100nm capsid, enveloped
HIV - AIDS
FLV - leukaemia in cats
RSV - sarcoma in fowls
Hepadnaviruses
dsDNA (RNA intermediate), icosahedral, enveloped
Hepatitis B
Live attenuated vaccines
Yellow fever MMR Polio (Sabin) VZV Pseudorabies Rinderpest Hepatitis A
Live related virus vaccines
Variola
Marek’s Disease
Dead (inactivated) vaccines
Hepatitis A Polio (Salk) Rabies Hepatitis B FMDV Influenza HPV
Passive ‘vaccines’ (immunisation)
Rabies (post exposure) Hepatitis B (post exposure in neonates)
