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2 - BOD > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Bcl2

A

Oncogene

Anti-apoptotic protein upregulated in some chromosome translocations (some lymphomas)

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2
Q

BCR-ABL

A

Oncogene

Fused in chronic myeloid leukaemia

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3
Q

Beta-catenin

A

Oncogene

Mutated in a small percentage of colon cancers that don’t have APC mutations (interacts with APC)

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4
Q

BRAF

A

Oncogene

Downstream of Ras, mutated in melanomas (activated by other mechanisms including fusion)

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5
Q

CyclinD1

A

Oncogene
Activated by amplification in breast cancer
With CDK4, controls Rb-1

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6
Q

ERBB

HER2

A

Oncogenes

EGFRs (RTKs), HER2 is the target of herceptin

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7
Q

ERG

A

Oncogene, transcription factor

Fusions with TMPRSS2 found in ~50% of prostate cancers

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8
Q

MLL

A

Oncogene
Modifies histones (methyl transferase)
Fused by translocation in leukaemias

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9
Q

MYC

A

Oncogene, transcription factor

Powerful and widely abnormal oncogenes

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10
Q

PIK3CA

A

Oncogene, PI3K subunit

Mutated in 40% of breast cancers

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11
Q

Ras

A

Oncogene, G-proteins in MAPK pathway

Point mutation, KRAS mutated in 50% of colon carcinomas

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12
Q

TCF3/4

A

Oncogenes, downstream of Wnt pathway

Gene fusions occur in colon cancer

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13
Q

APC

A

Tumour suppressor
Interacts with beta-catenin
Inactivated in most colon carcinomas, inherited mutation in hereditary polyposis coli

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14
Q

BRCA1

A

Tumour suppressor
Strong hereditary predisposition to breast cancer
(not related to BRCA2)

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15
Q

BRCA2

A

Tumour suppressor
Strong hereditary predisposition to breast cancer
Component of homologous recombination DNA repair

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16
Q

p16

A

Tumour suppressor
Inhibits CDK4/cyclinD1
Often deleted

17
Q

MLH1/MSH2

A

Tumour suppressors
Recognition proteins in mismatch repair complex
Mutated in some non-hereditary colon cancers and hereditary colon cancer (HNPCC)
MLH1 frequently deactivated by promoter methylation

18
Q

p53

A

Tumour suppressor
Halts cell cycle and initiates apoptosis
Mutated in 50% or more cancers

19
Q

PTEN

A

Tumour suppressor

Phosphatase which antagonises PI3K

20
Q

Rb-1

A

Tumour suppressor

Nuclear protein which halts the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint

21
Q

SMAD4

A

Tumour suppressor
Downstream effector in TGFβ pathway
Mutated in some colon carcinomas

22
Q

TGFβ

A

Tumour suppressor

Inhibitory growth factors which regulate cell differentiation

2 - BOD (5 decks)

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