Viruses Flashcards
What does CMV classically cause in BMT and AIDS patients?
BMT patients- CMV pneumonia
AIDS patients- CMV retinitis
Both- may develop CMV colitis, viremia
What two causes of viral gastroenteritis have indistinguishable symptoms? What are they?
Caliciviridae and Rotavirus
Both cause diarrhea, vomiting, and fever
What does coxsackie virus A cause?
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Herpangina
What does coxsackie virus B cause?
Pleurodynia (sharp, u/l pleuritic pain)
Myocarditis, pericarditis
What antibodies would indicate a new vs. and old Hepatitis A infection?
anti-HAV IgM= Acute infection
anti-HAV IgG= Chronic infection
What are the naked DNA viruses?
Papova, Adeno, Parvo, Papilloma (PAPP)
What virus is associated with progressive pulmonary edema and respiratory failure after inhalation of infected rodent droppings?
Hantavirus
Think- 4 corners area (NM, UT, CO, AZ)
What virus is most commonly associated with gastroenteritis on cruise ships and in nursing homes?
Norovirus- diarrhea and vomiting
What is the clinical difference between chicken pox and smallpox lesions?
Chickenpox lesions- Appear in waves, are at different stages, (pustules, scabs, etc)
Smallpox lesions- Develop at the same time, lesions are all the same stage
What is molluscum contagiosum? What virus causes them?
A wart-looking lesion with a dimple in the center, caused by Poxvirus
What is the classic presentation of Chikungunya?
Initial rash, fever, and joint pain following a mosquito bite-> may progress to arthritis that persists
What disease causes a fever and “slapped-cheek” rash in kids? What is the organism?
5th disease, aka Erythema infectiosum
Caused by parvovirus
What enzymes would be elevated in hepatitis vs bile duct obstruction?
Hepatitis- Elevated AST, ALT
Bile duct obstruction (gall stone)- Alkaline phosphates and bilirubin are elevated more then AST, ALT
What is the leading cause of chronic Hepatitis in the US, and the leading indication for a liver transplant?
Hepatitis C
What is the primary cause of pneumonia in young children, with multinucleated giant cell formation?
RSV
What are the 4 segmented viruses?
BOAR- All RNA Bunyavirus Orthomyxovirus Arenavirus Reovirus
Where do RNA viruses replicate? What is the exception?
In the cytoplasm
EXEPT orthomyxovirus and retrovirus replicate in the nucleus
All DNA viruses are double stranded and positive sense except what?
Parvoviridae is single stranded and - sense
DNA viruses have icosahedral symmetry except what?
Poxvirus- Has a box-like complex
What RNA virus is double stranded?
Reoviridae- (Rotovirus)
Where do DNA viruses replicate? What is the exception?
In the nucleus, except Poxviridae replicates in the cytoplasm
What are the characteristics of H5N1 pneumonia?
Primary viral pneumanitis without secondary bacterial infeciton, rapid progression to ARDS or pulmonary edema
What test can be used to diagnose H5N1?
RT-PCR from pharyngeal/nasal washings, immunofluorescence, and will be found in feces
What virulence factor is present in Paramyxovirus that is not present in Orthomyxovirus and causes multinucleated giant cell formation?
Fusion (F) protein
