Fungi

Question 1

What subcutaneous fungal infection is dimorphic? Presentation at body temperature?

Answer 1

Sporothichosis
Body temp (37c)- Yeast
At 25c- branching hyphae

Question 2

What fungal infection is associated with a rose thorn prick and plaque-like manifestations?

Answer 2

Sporotrichosis- Nodules form up lymphatic tracts on extremities. (Sporothrix schenckii)

Question 3

What organism causes mild pneumonia in healthy people and is a very common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients who live in the Southwest US?

Answer 3

Coccidioides- endemic to SW US and Northern Mexico

Question 4

Meningitis symptoms following close contact with pidgeon dropping indicates an infection by what?

Answer 4

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 5

Finding Candida in what body system is never normal?

Answer 5

Bloodstream- Disseminated infection

Normal in GI tract, urine, sputum, and stool

Question 6

What bacteria is fungus-like and produces sulfur granules?

Answer 6

Actinomyces

Question 7

What organism forms fruiting balls in old lung cavities?

Answer 7

Aspergillis-> causes aspergillosis

Question 8

What yeast forms pseudohyphae?

Answer 8

Candida albicans

Question 9

What organism leads to hypo and hyper pigmented macules on the skin with no other symptoms? What is the disease called?

Answer 9

Malassezia furfur

Called Tinea versicolar

Question 10

What organisms cause small violet lesions that look like cauliflower when clumped together?

Answer 10

Chromoblastomycosis (chromomycosis)

Question 11

What types of hypersensitivity reactions can Aspergillis cause in the lungs? What is this presentation called?

Answer 11

Causes type 1 (IgE mediated) and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions
Allergic bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)

Question 12

A diabetic presents with black nasal discharge. Immediate thought should be:

Answer 12

Mucor (Rhinocerebral Murcomycosis)

Question 13

What fungus-like bacteria is weakly acid-fast? Where does it commonly produce abscesses?

Answer 13

Nocardia

Known for brain abscesses

Question 14

Vaginal discharge that has a “cottage-cheese” appearance indicates what kind of infection?

Answer 14

Candida albicans- Yeast

Question 15

What fungal infection is associated with Hepatocellular carcinoma? What is the toxin called?

Answer 15

Aspergillus fumigatus

Produce aflatoxins-> carcinogenic

Question 16

What are the names of the organisms that form Athlete’s foot, Jock itch, and Body and scalp ringworm, respectively?

Answer 16

Tinea pedis- Athletes foot
Tinea cruris- Jock itch
Tinea corporis- Ringworm on body
Tinea capitis- Ringworm on scalp

Question 17

An AIDS presenting with severe diarrhea is most likely infected with what fungal organism?

Answer 17

Cryptosporidium parvum

Question 18

What fungi is heavily encapsulated and causes meningitis?

Answer 18

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 19

How is oral thrush different from hairy leukoplakia?

Answer 19

Oral thrush can be scraped off (Candida)

Leukoplakia cannot be scraped off (EBV)

Question 20

What is the most common cause of interstitial pneumonia in AIDS patients?

Answer 20

Pneumocystis jirovecii- PCP pneumonia

Diffuse, patchy, infiltrates

Question 21

What is a good way to diagnose both superficial and cutaneous fungal infections?

Answer 21

KOH prep

Question 22

What superficial fungal infection causes painless black lesions on the hands, soles, and possibly nails?

Answer 22

Tinea nigra (Exophilia wernekii)

Question 23

Where would someone be expected to contract Histoplasmosa and Blastomyces?

Answer 23

Mississippi river valley areas

Question 24

Anything other then superficial pharyngeal involvement of Candida albicans is what until proven otherwise?

Answer 24

T cell defect (AIDS, etc.)