Viruses

Question 1

Virus

Answer 1

Acellular, parasitic entity that is not confined to any kingdom

Question 2

Acellular

Answer 2

Non-living

Question 3

Virus structure

Answer 3

Extremely small

Question 4

Components of viruses

Answer 4

1. Nucleic acid (single or double-stranded) RNA and DNA

Question 5

Envelopes

Answer 5

Exhibit glycogen spikes or knobs

Question 6

Lytic cycle

Answer 6

1. Virus attaches to the host cell and injects DNA
2. Virus uses host’s cellular metabolism and DNA begins to replicate and form proteins
3. Viruses break down or lyse the cell and spread to the others

Question 7

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 7

1. Virus attaches to host ell and injects DNA
2. Viral DNA gets incorporated into the hosts DNA and cell
3. Each time the cell goes through replication, the virus gets replicated as well
4. Genetic info is spread without having to lyse the cell

Question 8

Technical applications of viruses

Answer 8

Vital to gene therapy as they can be genetically modified to carry genes that would benefit the host’s cells

Question 9

HIV

Answer 9

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 10

HIV attacking

Answer 10

• attacks t-lymphocytes or CD4 cells which weakens your immune system

Question 11

HIV Transmission

Answer 11

Transmitted through bodily fluids such as unprotected sex, contaminated blood transfusions and from mother to baby

Question 12

HIV Treatment

Answer 12

Treated with anti-retroviral and immunotherapy treatment.

Question 13

AIDS

Answer 13

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 14

AIDS diagnosis

Answer 14

• diagnosed when CD4 cells drop below 200 cells/ml.
• causes nausea, diarrhoea, fatigue, night sweats

Question 15

AIDS Issue

Answer 15

AIDS can be prevented by educating people about importance of protected sex and having only one sexual partner