Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > VIRUSES > Flashcards

VIRUSES Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Basic life forms composed of a protein coat.

A

Capsid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Viruses are classified as

A

DNA or RNA viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 types of RNA for our virus:

A

POSITIVE (+) STRANDED
NEGATIVE (-) STRANDED
RNA of the retroviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Negative (-) strand of RNA viruses must carry , in their capsid, and enzyme which will carry out the transcription of the negative (-) strand into positive (-).

A

RNA - dependent RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

One special RNA virus deserves mention of which the HN virus is a member.

A

Retrovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Viruses carry a unique enzyme

A

Reverse transcriptae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two types of capsids

A

Icosahedral and helical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Take 1 or more polypeptide chains and organize them into a globular protein subunit. The building block of our structure.

A

Capsomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Viruses that do not have membranes referred as

A

Naked or nonenveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Those with membrane are referred as:

A

Enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Viruses are classified according to their:

A

Nucleic acid
Capsid
Enveloped
Size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DNA Viruses sometimes referred as the HHAPPPy viruses:

A 
H-erpes
H-epadna
A-deno
P-apova
P-arvo
P-ox
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most DNA viruses are double stranded, show icosahedral symmetry, and replicate in the nucleus (where customarily replicates)

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two DNA viruses break these rules:

A

Parvoviridae

Poxviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This virus is so simple that it only has a single strand of DNA. It is as simple as playing a ONE PAIR hole in golf.

A

Parvoviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This virus is at the opposite end of the spectrum and is extremely comples.

A

Poxviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Three of the DNA viruses have envelopes:

A

HERPES
HEPADNA
POX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Three are naked: A woman must be naked for the PAP smear exam.

A

PAPova
Adeno
PArvo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Double stranded RNA viruses

A

Reoviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nonenveloped RNA viruses

A

Picorna, Calici and Reviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Have icosahedral symmetry RNA viruses

A

Reo, Picorn, Toga, Flavi and Calici

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Has helical symmetry but shaped like a bullet

A

Rhabdo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Two undergo replication in the nucleus

A

Retro Orthomyxo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In order for viruses to reproduce, they must complete these 4 steps:

A
  1. Adsorption and penetration.
  2. Uncoating of the virus.
  3. Synthesis and assembly of viral products.
  4. Release of virions from the host cell.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Released from the capsid into the nucleus or cytoplasm.

A

Nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The RNA viruses usually undergo in the cytoplasm:

A

Tanscription, Translation and Replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

These viruses do not carry and RNA dependent RNA polymerase because they are read by the host directly.

A

Positive stranded RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The virus uncoats, releases a virion associated RNA polymerase, and must first transcribe the negative strand to a positive strand.

A

Negative stranded RNA virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Acts like mRNA and undergoes both transcription and translation.

A

Positive strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The cell may lyse and release the virions, or the virions may be released by reverse by reverse phagocytosis.

A

Naked virions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The newly formed naked virion acquires its new “clothing” by budding through the Golgi apparatus, nuclear membrane, or cytoplasmic membrane, tearing off a piece of host cell lipid bilayer as it exits.

A

Enveloped virions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

With the viral infection., the host cell’s own function shuts down as the cell is commandeered for virion replication. This can result in cell death.

A

Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The virus can survive in a sleeping state, surviving but not producing clinically overt infection. Various infect can result in viral infection.

A

Latent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Some viruses will cause disease only after many years, often decades, of indolent infection.

A

Chronic slow infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

2 distinct types of glycoprotein

A

Hemagglutinin Activity and Neuraminidase Activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Anchoring the bases of each of these spikes on the inside of the viral lipid bilayer.

A

Membrane Proteins

37
Q

Important component of mucin, the substance covering mucosal epithelial cells and forming an integral part of the host’s upper respiratory defense barrier.

A

Neuraminidase

38
Q

3 types of influenza virus

A

A, B, and C

39
Q

Infects humans, other mammals (swine, etc.), and birds.

A

Type A

40
Q

Only been isolated from humans.

A

Type B and C.

41
Q

During viral replication mutations can occur in the HA or NA, leading to changes in the antigenic nature of these glycoproteins.

A

Antigenic Drift

42
Q

Shifting gears. We are taking the boat mentioned above and airlifting it to a mountain in the Himalayas.

A

Antigenic Shift

43
Q

Virus in the pandemic of 1889

A

H2 hemagglutinin

44
Q

Virus in 1900

A

H3 hemagglutinin

45
Q

Swine flu virus transferred its HA to a human virus called.

A

Hswine hemagglutinin

46
Q

1947

A

H1N1

47
Q

1989

A

H2N2

48
Q

1900

A

H3N2

49
Q

1918 ‘‘SPANISH FLU”

A

H1N1

50
Q

1957

A

H2N2 “ASIAN FLU”

51
Q

1968

A

H3N2 “HONGKONG FLU”

52
Q

1997; new strain of avian influenza was transmitted from infected poultry to humans in Hongkong

A

Influenza A, H5N1

53
Q

Contained supercharged HA similar to that in the 1918 pandemic that killed over 20 million people.

A

Avian flu virus

54
Q

Enabled the virus to kill almost half of the people who became infected. The virus was poorly transmissible to humans, and was controlled by destroying the poultry in Hongkong.

A

Supercharged HA

55
Q

Children given aspirin when they have influenza or varicella can develop a severe liver and brain disease called.

A

Reye’s Syndrome

56
Q

Diagnostic tests for influenza fall into 4 broad categories:

A

Virus Isolation
Detection of viral proteins
Detection of viral nucleic acid
Serological diagnosis

57
Q

Culture of the virus allows genetic and antigenic analysis.

A

Virus isolation

58
Q

New one hour tests help guide the choice of antiviral agents.

A

Detection of viral proteins.

59
Q

4 fold increase in specific antibody levels over 2 weeks

A

Serological weeks

60
Q

Prevent the uncoating of influenza. They can both prevent influenza A infection and can reduce the severity of symptoms.

A

Amantadine and rimantidine

61
Q

Can shorten the course of influenza A and B.

A

Sanamavir (inhaled) and Oseltamivir (oral)

62
Q

Not present in the orthomyxoviridae

A

Fusion protein

63
Q

Syncytial cells similar to those caused by herpesviridae and retroviridae infection

A

Multinucleated giant cells

64
Q

4 paramyxoviridae that cause human disease:

A

Parainfluenza virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Mumps virus
Measles virus

65
Q

All adsorb to and replicate in the upper respiratory tract.

A

Think lungs

66
Q

Cause lower respiratory infections in children and upper respiratory tract infections in adults.

A

Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus

67
Q

Most infections occur in children

A

Think kids

68
Q

The viral infection results in dissemination of virions in the blood to distant sites.

A

Think viremia

69
Q

Can occur with both mumps and measles.

A

Brain infection (encephalitis)

70
Q

Can produce local parotid and tests infection.

A

Mumps

71
Q

Can produce a severe systemic febrile illness

A

Measles

72
Q

Causes upper respiratory infection in adults ranging from cold symptoms such as rhinitis, pharyngitis and sinus congestion.

A

Parainfluenza Virus

73
Q

A parainfluenza infection of the larynx and other upper respiratory structure that occurs in children.

A

Croup

74
Q

Wheezing sound

A

Stridor

75
Q

Like a seal

A

Barking cough

76
Q

Caused respiratory infections and contains an F-protein that causes formation of multinucleated giant cells. This virus differs from the rest of its kin by lacking both the HA and NA glycoproteins.

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

77
Q

Number one cause of pneumonia in young children, especially in infants less than 6 months of age.

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

78
Q

RSV infection can be prevented in a high percentage of cases

A

palivizumab

79
Q

Monoclonal antibody against RSV that is produced by a recombinant DNA method.

A

Palivizumab

80
Q

A blood-derived product, available but comes with the risk of transmission of blood borne infections.

A

Serum RSV immune globulin

81
Q

Replicates in the upper respiratory tract and in regional lymph nodes and spreads via the blood to distant organs.

A

Mumps virus

82
Q

About 25% of infected males who have reached puberty can develop orchitis. About 3 weeks after initial exposure to mumps virus the parotid gland swells and becomes painful. The testes are also frequently infected.

A

Mumps virus

83
Q

One antigenic type, and a live attenueted viral vaccine.

A

Measles Mumps Rubella vacinne

84
Q

Clinical manifestations of measles

A

Rubeola

85
Q

Highly contagious and spreads through nasopharyngeal secretions by air or by direct contact. Incubation lasts for 2 weeks prior to the development of rash.

A

Measles Virus

86
Q

A day or 2 before the rash, the patient develops small red-based with centers in the mouth. Think of a cop licking a red white blue lollipop.

A

Koplik’s Spots

87
Q

Red, flat to slightly bumpy. It spreads out from the forehead to the face, neck, and torso, and hits the feet by the third day.

A

Measles Rash

88
Q

A slow form of encephalitis caused by measles virus

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Microbiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions