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Microbiology > FUNGI > Flashcards

FUNGI Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryotic cells, which lack chlorophyll, so they cannot generate energy through photosynthesis.

A

Fungi

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2
Q

Categories of fungi pathogenic to humans:

A 
Yeast
Hyphae
Molds
Spores
Dimorphic fungi
Saprophytes
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3
Q

Unicellular growth form of fungi. These cells can appear spherical to ellipsoidal.

A

Yeast

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4
Q

When buds do not separate, they can form long chains of yeast cells, which called __________.

A

Pseudohyphae

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5
Q

Threadlike, branching, cylindrical, tubules composed of fungal cells attached end to end. These grow by extending in length from the tips of the tubules.

A

Hyphae

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6
Q

Multicellular colonies composed of clumps of intertwined branching hyphae. Grow by longitudinal extension and produce spores.

A

Molds aka Mycelia

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7
Q

The reproducing bodies of molds. Rarely seen in skin scrapings.

A

Spores

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8
Q

Fungi that can grow as either a yeast or mold, depending on environmental conditions and temperature (usually growing as yeast at body temperatures).

A

Dimorphic fungi

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9
Q

Fungi that live in and utilize organic matter (soil, rotten vegetation) as an energy source.

A

Saprophytes

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10
Q

Certain morphologic characteristic serve as virulence factors as well as targets to antifungal antibiotics.

A

Cell membrane
Cell wall
Capsule

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11
Q

The bilayered cell membrane is the innermost layer around the fungal cytoplasm.

A

Cell membrane

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12
Q

Antibiotics bind to ergosterol and punch holes in the fungal cell membrane.

A

Amphotericin B and Nystatin

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13
Q

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis

A

Ketoconazole

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14
Q

Surrounding the cell membrane, composed mostly of carbohydrate with some protein.

A

Cell wall

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15
Q

This is polysaccharide coating that surrounds the cell wall.

A

Capsule

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16
Q

The capsule can be visualized with the ______________.

A

India ink stain

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17
Q

Extremely superficial fungus infections, whose primary manifestation is pigment change of the skin.

A

Pityriasis versicolor and Tinea nigra

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18
Q

Multicolored

A

Pityriasis versicolor

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19
Q

Black colored

A

Tinea nigra

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20
Q

A chronic superficial fungal infection which leads to hypopigmented or hyperpigmented patches on the skin.

A

Pityriasis versicolor aka tinea versicolor

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21
Q

A superficial fungal infection that causes dark brown to black painless patches on the soles of the hands and feet.

A

Tinea nigra

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22
Q

Tinea nigra. This infection is caused by _________.

A

Exophiala werneckiii

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23
Q

Infections of the skin, hair nail

A

Dermatophytosis

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24
Q

Infection of the skin

A 
Tinea Corpora (body)
Tinea Cruris (groin)
Tinea pedis (feet)
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25
Q

Infection of the hair

A

Tinea capitis (scalp)

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26
Q

Infection of the nail

A

Tinea unguium

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27
Q

Cutaneous

A

Dermatophytosis

Candidiasis of the skin

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28
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Sporotrichosis

Chromomycosis

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29
Q

Systemic

A 
Coccidioidomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Cryptococcosis
Systemic Candidiasis
Aspergillosis
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30
Q

Category of cutaneous fungal infections causes by more than 30 species fungi.

A

Dermatophytoses

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31
Q

These fungi secrete an enzyme which digests keratin.

A

Keratinase

32
Q

Common dermatophytes

A

Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton

33
Q

Following invasion of the horny layer of the skin, the fungi spread, forming a ring shaped with a red, raised border.

A

Tinea corporis

34
Q

This expanding raised red border represents areas of active inflammation with a healing center. It looks like a ring-shaped worm under the skin.

A

Ringworm

35
Q

Patients develop itchy red patches on the groin and scrotum.

A

Tinea cruris (jock itch)

36
Q

This infection commonly begins between the toes, and causes cracking and peeling of the skin. Infection requires warmth and moisture, so it only occurs in those wearing shoes.

A

Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)

37
Q

This condition primarily occurs in children. The infecting organisms grow in the hair and scalp, resulting in scaly red lesions with loss of hair. The infection appears as expanding ring.

A

Tinea capitis (scalp)

38
Q

The nails are thickened, discolored, and brittle.

A

Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)

39
Q

The first line drugs for the treatment of dermatophytosis.

A

Topical imidazoles

40
Q

Used with tinea capitis and tinea uguium.

A

Oral griseofulvin

41
Q

The last type of cutaneous fungal infection is caused by __________.

A

Candida albicans

42
Q

Can infect the mouth, groin and the vagina. Can also cause oppurtunistic systemic infections.

A

Candida albicans

43
Q

Gain entrance to the body following trauma to the skin. They usually remain localized to the subcutaneous tissue or spread along lymphatics to local nodes.

A

Subcutaneous Fungal Infections

44
Q

A dimorphic fungi commonly found in soil and on plants (rose thorns and splinters).

A

Sporothrix schenckii

45
Q

The disease, is an occupational hazard for gardeners.

A

Sporotrichosis

46
Q

Fungi that cause systemic disease in humans. All are dimorphic fungi.

A

Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatides
Coccidoides immitis

47
Q

Second most common opportunistic infection in AIDS patient who have resided in Arizona.

A

Coccidioides

48
Q

Plays a part in human infection.

A

Dimorphism

49
Q

3 fungi have 3 clinical presentations:

A

Asymptomatic
Pneumonia
Disseminated

50
Q

The majority of cases are asymptomatic or mild respiratory illness that go unreported.

A

Asymptomatic

51
Q

A mild pneumonia can develop with fever, cough, and chest x-ray infiltrates.

A

Pneumonia

52
Q

Rarely, the hematogenously spread fungi can actually cause disseminated disease, such as meningitis, bone lytic granulomas, skin granuloma, that breakdown into ulcers, and other organ lesions.

A

Disseminated

53
Q

Endemic to the vast areas that drain into the Mississippi River.

A

Histoplasma and Blastomyces

54
Q

Nonencapsulated despite its name. Presents its bird and bat droppings, so outbreaks of pneumonia occur when cleaning chicken coops or spelunking (cave exploring)

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

55
Q

Fungi are isolated from soil and rotten wood. The rarest systemic fungal infection. When it does cause infection, it is rarely asymptomatic or mild. Most cases present as chronic disseminated disease with weight loss, night sweats, lung involvement, and skin ulcers.

A

Blastomyces dermatitides

56
Q

Commonly causes a mild pneumonia in normal persons in the southwestern U.S. Common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients from that area.

A

Coccidioides immitis

57
Q

Polysaccharide encapsulated yeast similar to the previous 3 fungi in that it is inhaled into the lungs and the infection is usually asymptomatic.

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

58
Q

Can also cause pneumonia, skin ulcers, and bone lesions like other systemic fungi.

A

Cryptococcus

59
Q

It is given out like CANDY to humanity: women with vaginitis, babies with diaper rash, AIDS patients, and the list goes on.

A

Candida Albicans

60
Q

In normal hosts (Candida Albicans):

A

Oral thrush
Vaginitis
Diaper rash

61
Q

Patches of creamy with a reddish base cover the mucous membranes of the mouth. These are difficult to scrape oft with a tongue blade.

A

Oral thrush

62
Q

More frequently when taking antibiotics, oral contraceptives, or during menses and pregnancy. The symptoms are vaginal itching and discharge.

A

Vaginitis

63
Q

Warm moist areas under diapers and in adults between skin folds can become red and macerated secondary to Candida invasion.

A

Diaper rash

64
Q

In immunocompromised patients (Candida Albicans):

A

Esophagitis

Disseminated

65
Q

Extension of thrush into the esophagus causes burning substernal pain worse with swallowing.

A

Esophagitis

66
Q

Can invade the blood stream and virtually every organ. When systemic can didiasis is suspected, the retina must be examined with the ophthalmoscope.

A

Disseminated

67
Q

Normal flora, it is often cultured from the urine, sputum and stool. These can represent contamination.

A

Candida

68
Q

The spores of Aspergillus are floating in the air everywhere. Some persons develop an asthma-type reaction to these spores.

A

Aspiration of Aspergillus

69
Q

Persons with lung cavitations from tuberculosis or malignancies can grow an aspergillus fungal ball in the cavity.

A

Aspergilloma

70
Q

Forms weakly gram positive, partially acid-fast beaded branching thin filaments.

A

Nocardia Asteroids

71
Q

Bacteria acting like fungi

A

Actinomycetes

72
Q

2 that cause human disease both which are gram positive rods.

A

Actinomyces

Nocardia

73
Q

Toxin produced by Aspergillus flavius

A

Aflatoxin

74
Q

Fungi that produced toxins tat cause liver damage and liver cancer.

A

Mycotoxins

75
Q

Treatment of Actinomyces and Nocardia is a SNAP:

A

Sulfa for
Nocardia
Actinomyces give
Penicillin

Microbiology (7 decks)

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